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MSK II > Bone and soft tissue tumors > Flashcards

Bone and soft tissue tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Most common primary tumor of bone

A

Multiple myeloma

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2
Q

Benign chondrogenic bone tumors

A

Osteochondroma
Chondroma
Chondroblastoma
Chondromyxoid fibroma

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3
Q

Malignant chondrogenic tumor

A

Chondrosarcoma

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4
Q

Benign osteogenic tumors

A

Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma

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5
Q

Malignant osteogenic tumor

A

Osteosarcoma

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6
Q

Benign bone tumor of unknown origin

A

Giant cell tumor

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7
Q

Malignant bone tumor of unknown origin

A

Ewing tumor

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8
Q

Malignant notochord bone tumor

A

Chordoma

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9
Q

Tumors of epiphysis

A

Chondroblastoma
Giant cell tumor

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10
Q

Tumors of diaphysis

A

Enchondroma
Fibrous dysplasia
Ewing sarcoma
Chondrosarcoma

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11
Q

Small bosselated benign tumor of the facial bones and skull that histologically resembles normal bone

A

Osteoma

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12
Q

Gardener’s syndrome

A

Multiple osteomas

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13
Q

Bone tumor characterized by pain during the night relieved by NSAIDs and is typically found on the metaphysis of the femur or tibia

A

Osteoid osteoma

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14
Q

Cause of pain at night in osteoid osteoma

A

Prostaglandin E2 produced by proliferating osteoblast

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15
Q

Composed of haphazardly interconnecting trabeculae of woven bone that are rimmed by prominent osteoblasts with the intertrabecular spaces filled by vascularized loose CT

A

Osteoid osteoma

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16
Q

Radiograph shows round radiolucency with central mineralization surrounded by abundant reactive bone that has a massively thickened cortex

A

Osteoid osteoma

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17
Q

Differences between osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma

A

Osteoblastoma is larger, with duller pain not relieved by NSAID, and it involves the spine

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18
Q

Treatment for both osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma

A

Surgery

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19
Q

Bone tumor associated with RB mutation and retinoblastoma

A

Osteosarcoma

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20
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor where the neoplastic cells produce bone matrix, predominantly in those <20 yo

A

Osteosarcoma

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21
Q

Secondary causes of osteosarcoma in elderly

A

Paget disease
Bone infarct
Prior radiotion

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22
Q

Big, bulky, gritty, gray-white tumors of the metaphysis of long bones with areas of hemorrhage and cystic degeneration

A

Osteosarcoma

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23
Q

Pleomorphic tumor cells with larger hyperchromatic nuclei, bizarre giant cells, and mitotic figure with fine and lacelike neoplasm of bone

A

Osteosarcoma

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24
Q

Periosteal reactions in osteosarcoma

A

Sunburst appearance
Codman’s triangle

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25
Q

Inheritance of multiple hereditary exostosis syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant

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26
Q

Benign tumor that develops only in bone of endochondral origin

A

Osteochondroma/exostosis

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27
Q

Attached to the skeleton by a bone stalk capped by benign hyaline cartilage covered by perichondrium on the metaphysis near the growth plate

A

Osteochondroma

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28
Q

Histologic appearance of cartilage in osteochondroma

A

Disorganized growth plate that undergoes endochondral ossification

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29
Q

Benign tumor of hyaline cartilage that occurs in bones of endochondral origin

A

Chondroma

30
Q

Mutation associated with chondroma

A

IDH mutation

31
Q

Location of enchondromas

A

In medullary cavity

32
Q

Location of juxtacortical chondromas

A

On bone surface

33
Q

Ollier syndrome

A

Nonhereditary condition associated with multiple enchondromas in the hands and feet. Pt c/o pain and fracture.

34
Q

Maffucci syndrome

A

Multiple enchondromas with soft tissue hemangiomas

35
Q

X-ray shows circumscribed lucency with central irregular calcifications, a sclerotic rim, and an intact cortex

A

Chondroma

36
Q

Composed of nodule of hyaline cartilage encased by a thin layer of reactive bone

A

Chondroma

37
Q

Malignant cartilage producing tumors, commonly in axial skeleton

A

Chondrosarcoma

38
Q

Large bulky tumors made of nodules of glistening gray-white translucent cavity that destroy bone that presents as a painful, progressively enlarging mass

A

Chondrosarcoma

39
Q

Characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated osteoclast-type giant cells that is benign, but can be locally aggressive

A

Giant cell tumor or osteoclastoma

40
Q

Bone tumor of large, red-brown mass that may have cystic degeneration that occurs in the epiphysis, but may extend into the metaphysis

A

Giant cell tumor

41
Q

X-ray shows predominantly lytic and expansile with destruction of cortex

A

Soap bubble appearance of giant cell tumor

42
Q

Pathogenesis of giant cell tumor

A

Neoplastic cells are primitive osteoblast precursors expressing increased RANKL which promotes proliferation of osteoclasts

43
Q

Rare metastasis of giant cell tumor

A

Lung

44
Q

Treatment with good response for giant cell tumor

A

Denosumab –> RANKL inhibitor

45
Q

Malignant bone tumor characterized by primitive round cells without obvious differentiation

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

46
Q

Pathogenesis of Ewing’s sarcoma

A

t(11;22) creating an EWSR1/FLI1 fusion gene

47
Q

Soft, tan-white bone tumor mainly in medullary cavity with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

48
Q

Rounded cell clusters with a central fibrillary core and sheets of uniform, small, round cells with scant clear cytoplasm

A

Ewing’s sarocma

49
Q

Homer-Wright rosette

A

Rounded cell clusters with a central fibrillary core that indicate neuroectodermal differentiation

50
Q

Bone tumor that presents as painful, enlarging mass that is warm to touch and tender with fever

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

51
Q

X-ray shows destructive lytic tumor permeating into soft tissue with layers of reactive bone deposition

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

52
Q

Cancers that can cause osteolytic metastasis to bone

A

Carcinomas of kidney, lung, and GIT

53
Q

Cancer that can cause osteoblastic metastasis to bone

A

Prostate CA

54
Q

Benign tumor where all the components of normal bone are present, but do not differentiate into mature structures

A

Fibrous dysplasia

55
Q

Mutation associated with fibrous dysplasia

A

Gain of function mutation in GNS1 that codes for alpha subunit of Gs

56
Q

Tan-white, well-circumscribed, expansive lesion with an intramedullary location

A

Fibrous dysplasia

57
Q

X-ray shows well-defined, radiolucent areas with thin-cortices and ground-glass appearance in the proximal midshaft

A

Fibrous dysplasia

58
Q

Curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by a fibroblastic proliferation without prominent osteoblastic rimming

A

Fibrous dysplasia

59
Q

Mazabraud syndrome

A

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with soft tissue myxomas

60
Q

McCune-Albright syndrome

A

Polyostotic fibrous disease with Cafe-au-lait macules and precocious puberty

61
Q

Well-encapsulated, soft, yellow lesions often indistinguishable from normal adipose

A

Lipoma

62
Q

Malignant tumors of adipose tissue

A

Liposarcoma

63
Q

Characteristic cell of liposarcoma with central, scalloped nuclear and numerous fat vesicles

A

Lipoblast

64
Q

Benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle

A

Rhabdomyoma

65
Q

Associated with cardiac rhabdomyoma

A

Tuberous sclerosis

66
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

67
Q

Four types of rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Alveolar
Embryonal
Pleomorphic
Spindle cell/sclerosing

68
Q

Rhabdomyoblasts

A

Differentiation strap cells with clearly visible cross-striations in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

69
Q

Sarcoma botryoides

A

Variant of rhabdomyosarcoma that develops in the walls of hollow, mucosa-lined structures

70
Q

Skeletal muscle specific markers commonly expressed by rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Myogenin
MyoD1

71
Q
A

MSK II (16 decks)

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