Bone injuries and infections

Question 1

Fracture where bone is fragmented

Answer 1

Comminuted

Question 2

Fracture that only extends partially through bone that is common in infants

Answer 2

Greenstick

Question 3

Formation of reactive bone in extraskeletal sites, often after trauma

Answer 3

Myositis ossificans or heterotrophic ossification

Question 4

Death of bone and marrow in the absence of infection due to vascular insufficiency

Answer 4

Osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis

Question 5

Two most common causes of osteonecrosis

Answer 5

Fracture
Corticosteroid use

Question 6

Legg-calve-perthes disease

Answer 6

Focal bone necrosis at head of femur

Question 7

Kohler disease

Answer 7

Focal bone necrosis in navicular bone

Question 8

Dislocation associated with avascular necrosis

Answer 8

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Question 9

Microscopic characteristics of dead bone in osteonecrosis

Answer 9

Empty lacunae surrounded by necrotic adipocytes with dystrophic calcification

Question 10

Head of femur slips off the neck of the femur inferoposterioly due to mechanical overload; common in obese adolescents

Answer 10

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Question 11

Steel sign on x-ray

Answer 11

Double density from superimposition of epiphysis and metaphysis

Question 12

Repetitive traction apophysis of the tibial tuberosity results in microtrauma and micro-avulsion causing patellar tendon insertion to separate

Answer 12

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Question 13

Anterior knee pain exacerbated by squatting, climbing stairs, kneeling, and extending the knee against resistance

Answer 13

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Question 14

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Answer 14

Osteomyelitis

Question 15

Two main types of osteomyelitis

Answer 15

Pyogenic
Tubercular/mycobacterial

Question 16

Common sites of osteomyelitis in neonates

Answer 16

Metaphysis or epiphysis or both

Question 17

Common site of osteomyelitis in children

Answer 17

Metaphysis

Question 18

Common sites of osteomyelitis in adults

Answer 18

Epiphyses and subchondral regions

Question 19

Possible complication of osteomyelitis in infants

Answer 19

Septic arthritis that may lead to permanent disability

Question 20

Sequestrum

Answer 20

Dead pieces of bone in osteomyelitis

Question 21

Involucrum

Answer 21

New bone deposited as sleeve after osteomyelitis

Question 22

Brodies abscess

Answer 22

Small intraosseous abscess that frequently involves the cortex and is walled off by reactive bone

Question 23

Pott disease

Answer 23

Tubercular osteomyelitis involving the spine