Bone injuries and infections Flashcards
Fracture where bone is fragmented
Comminuted
Fracture that only extends partially through bone that is common in infants
Greenstick
Formation of reactive bone in extraskeletal sites, often after trauma
Myositis ossificans or heterotrophic ossification
Death of bone and marrow in the absence of infection due to vascular insufficiency
Osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis
Two most common causes of osteonecrosis
Fracture
Corticosteroid use
Legg-calve-perthes disease
Focal bone necrosis at head of femur
Kohler disease
Focal bone necrosis in navicular bone
Dislocation associated with avascular necrosis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Microscopic characteristics of dead bone in osteonecrosis
Empty lacunae surrounded by necrotic adipocytes with dystrophic calcification
Head of femur slips off the neck of the femur inferoposterioly due to mechanical overload; common in obese adolescents
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Steel sign on x-ray
Double density from superimposition of epiphysis and metaphysis
Repetitive traction apophysis of the tibial tuberosity results in microtrauma and micro-avulsion causing patellar tendon insertion to separate
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Anterior knee pain exacerbated by squatting, climbing stairs, kneeling, and extending the knee against resistance
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
Osteomyelitis
Two main types of osteomyelitis
Pyogenic
Tubercular/mycobacterial
Common sites of osteomyelitis in neonates
Metaphysis or epiphysis or both
Common site of osteomyelitis in children
Metaphysis
Common sites of osteomyelitis in adults
Epiphyses and subchondral regions
Possible complication of osteomyelitis in infants
Septic arthritis that may lead to permanent disability
Sequestrum
Dead pieces of bone in osteomyelitis
Involucrum
New bone deposited as sleeve after osteomyelitis
Brodies abscess
Small intraosseous abscess that frequently involves the cortex and is walled off by reactive bone
Pott disease
Tubercular osteomyelitis involving the spine