Drips Flashcards
Heparin Mechanism of action and classification?
Classification: Anticoagulant
Mechanism of Action: reversibly binds to and activates antithrombin III (ATIII), resulting in the inactivation of Factor IIa (thrombin) and Factor Xa.
Heparin half-life?
1.5hrs
Heparin route and onset?
IV: immediate
Sub-Q: 20-60 mins
What lab is needed prior to the administration of subq heparin and what is the normal value?
Platelet
Norm: 150-450K
What is HIT and when does it occur?
- An immune mediated response where clots begin to form within blood vessels using available platelets
- Usually 4-12 days after start of heparin therapy
Nicardipine brand name?
Cardene
Cardene class and MOA?
Classification: CCB (anti-hypertensive)
Mechanism of Action: inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes.
Nicardipine:
Onset, duration and half-life?
Onset: 10 mins
Duration: < 8hrs
Half-Life: 2-4 hrs
Cardene AE?
low BP
reflex tachycardia
HA
N/V
Nicardipine contra-indications?
- Low bp and EF < 55%
- Liver disease (drug is metabolized by the liver)
Cardene dose range?
5-15 mg/hr
Diltiazem brandname?
Cardizem
Cardizem class and MOA?
Classification: CCB (anti-hypertensive)
Mechanism of Action: inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes.
Diltiazem:
Onset, duration and half-life?
Onset: 3 min
Duration:
- Bolus: 1-3 hrs
- Continuous: 0.5-10 hrs
Half-Life: 3-5 hrs
Indications of IV Diltiazem?
ventricular rate control in A-Fib/Flutter, conversion of SVT
Indications of oral Diltiazem?
HTN, spasm prevention during radial artery graft harvesting, migraines, angina
Cardizem dosing?
Initial bolus: 0.25mg/kg over 2 mins
Infusion Rate: 5-15 mg/hr
Dobutamine brandname?
Dobutrex
Dobutrex class and MOA?
Classification: Direct Beta 1 agonist
MOA: increase cardiac contractility and stroke volume, mild positive chronotropic effects (↑HR)
Dobutamine:
onset, peak, duration, and half-life
Onset: 1-10 min
Peaks:10-20 min
Duration: minutes
Half-Life: 2 min
Dobutrex dose range?
2.5-20- mcg/kg/min
Dobutamine AE?
Tachycardia, H/A, tremors, anxiety ventricular arrythmias, hypokalemia, can trigger A-Fib
Dopamine class and MOA?
- Classification: A1 & B1 Agonist
- MOA: has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
Dopamine indications?
- HF
- shock after fluid replacement fails
- renal failure
- low CO when SVR is low and BP is marginal
Dopamine AE?
H/A, HTN, angina, tachycardia, ectopy, myocardial ischemia, > increased of arrhythmias at moderate dose, tissue necrosis can occur with extravasation
Dopamine low dose range and effect?
- 0.5-3 mcg/kg/mL (low dose)
- dilation of afferent/efferent renal arterioles (increased blood flow and UO)
Dopamine mod dose range and effect?
- 3-10 mcg/kg/min,
- increased renal flow and CO, contractility and HR (primarily B1 = pos inotropic effect)
Dopamine high dose range and effect?
- > 10 mcg/kg/min
- inc renal flow, peripheral vasoconstriction & pos inotropic effects
Epinephrine dose range?
0.02-3 mcg/kg/min
Epinephrine concentration(s)?
4, 8, 16mg/250mL D5W
(1:1,000)
Dopamine:
onset, duration and half-life?
Onset: 5 min
Duration: <10 min
Half-Life: 2 min
Epinephrine:
onset, duration and half-life?
Onset: immediate
Duration: 5-10 mins
Half-Life: 2 mins
Esmolol brandname?
Brevibloc
Esmolol class and MOA?
- Class: Mostly B1, B2 at high doses & Type II Anti-arrhythmic
Esmolol dose range?
50-200 mcg/kg/min
Esmolol:
onset, duration and half-life?
Onset: 2-10 min
Duration: 10-30 min
Half-Life: 9 min