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Pharmacy Drugs > DPC Cardio > Flashcards

DPC Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Omega 3 Acid

A

Lovaza, AntiHLD
Hypertriglyceridemia 4g QD (or divided BID)
Inhibition of acylCoA
Indigestion, taste alterations, rash, burping

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2
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

Lopid, AntiHLD
Coronary arteriosclerosis, familial typeV hyperlipoproteinemia 600mg BID
Activate PRARalpha
Indigestion, abdominal pain, arterial fib, constipation

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3
Q

Fenofibrate

A

Tricor, Lofibra AntiHLD
Hypercholesterolemia 160mg QD
Deactivates PPARalpha
Hyperhomocysteine, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, HA

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4
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Zetia, antiHLD
Familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed and primary hypercholesterolemia 10mg QD
Localized brush border in small intestine and inhibits absorption
Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, HA

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5
Q

Colesevelam

A

Welchol, hypolidpidemic, bile acid sequestrant
Primary and familial hyperlipidema, T2DM 1875mg BID or 3750mg QD
Binds intestinal bile acids
Constipation, asthenia, nasopharyngitis, myalgia

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6
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Lipitor, HMG-CoA reductase
HLD 10-20mg QD (max 80mg)
Primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis 20-40mg QD
Secondary prevention of CV events 80mg QD
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
Myopathy, diarrhea, HA, increased liver enzymes, indigestion

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7
Q

Simvastatin

A

Zocor, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
HLD 20-40mg QD
Primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis 20-40mg QD
Secondary prevention of CV events 5-40mg QD
HMG-CoA reductase inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, HA

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8
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

Crestor, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
HLD 10-20mg QD
Disorder of CV system, primary prophylaxis 10-20mg
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
Arthralgia, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, indigestion

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9
Q

Pravastatin

A

Pravachol, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Primary or secondary arteriosclerosis prevention 40mg QD
Familial hypercholesterolemia 40mg QD
HLD 40mg QD (max 80mg)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
HA, heartburn, increased liver enzymes, influenza-like symptoms

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10
Q

Lovastatin

A

Altoprev, Mevacor, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Coronary arteriosclerosis 10-80mg QD
Familial hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous) 10-40mg QD
HMG-CoA reductase inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, HA, increased liver enzymes

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11
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A 
Esidrix, antiHTN, thiazide
Edema 25-100mg QD 
HTN 50-100mg QD 
Increase Na and Cl excretion 
Hypotension, dizziness, HA, constipation, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia
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12
Q

Chlorthalidone

A

Hygroton, Thalitone, thiazide diuretic
HTN 25mg QD
Edema 50mg QD (max 200mg QD)
Increase Na and Cl excretion by interfering with reabsorption in cortical diluting segment of nephron
Dizziness, hypotension, hyperuricemia, anorexia, diarrhea, HA, SIADH

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13
Q

Furosemide

A

Lasix, loop diuretic
Edema 20-80mg QD (max 600mg QD)
HTN 40mg BID
Decreases Na reabsorption by competing for Cl site on Na-K-Cl cotransporter
Hyperuricemia, asthenia, constipation, HA, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesium

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14
Q

Triamterene/HCTZ

A

Dyazide, Maxzide, Potassium sparing/thiazide diuretic
Edema 37.5/25mg 1-2 tabs QD
HTN 37.5/25mg 1 tab QD
Hypotension, dizziness, HA, altered sense of taste, cramps, constipation, diarrhea

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15
Q

Spironolactone

A 
Aldactone, Potassium sparing diuretic 
Heart Failure 12.5-25mg QD (max 50mg) 
Edema 100mg QD (max 400mg) 
Nephrotic syndrome 100mg QD (max 400mg) 
HTN 50-100mg (max 400mg) 
Hypokalemia 25-100mg QD 
Steroidal competitive aldosterone antagonist blocks Na-K exchange 
Breast tenderness, diarrhea, disorder of menstruation, gastritis
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16
Q

Benazepril

A

Lotensin, ACEI, antiHTN
HTN 20-40mg QD (max 80mg)
Competitive ACE inhibitor
Diarrhea, dizziness, dry cough, fatigue, HA

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17
Q

Enalapril

A

Vasotec, ACEI, antiHTN
Heart failure 20-40mg QD (divided)
HTN 5mg QD (max 40mg)
Kidney disease (nondiabetic) 5mg QD (max 20mg QD)
Prodrug, competitive ACEI, reduces serum aldosterone
Increased SCr, diarrhea, dry cough, fatigue, HA

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18
Q

Lisinopril

A 
Prinivil, Zestril, ACEI, antiHTN 
Acute myocardial infarction 5-10mg QD 
Heart failure 40mg QD 
HTN 80mg QD 
Competitive ACEI, reduces aldosterone 
Diarrhea, dizziness, dry cough, HA, hypotension
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19
Q

Quinapril

A

Accupril, ACEI, antiHTN
Heart failure 20-40mg BID
HTN 80mg QD
Competitive ACEI, reduces serum aldosterone
Diarrhea, dizziness, dry cough, fatigue, HA, hypotension

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20
Q

Ramipril

A

Altace, ACEI, antiHTN
Heart failure post-MI 5mg BID
HTN 2.5-20mg QD
Reduce risk of myocardial infarction 10mg QD
Competitive ACEI, prodrug
Diarrhea, dizziness, dry cough, HA, hypotension, hyperkalemia

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21
Q

Valsartan

A

Diovan, angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Heart failure 40mg BID (320mg QD)
HTN 80-160mg QD (320mg QD)
Myocardial infarction 20mg BID
Competitive antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor
Dizziness, back pain, diarrhea, drowsiness, HA, hyperkalemia, hypotension

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22
Q

Olmesartan

A

Benicar, angiotensin II receptor antagonist
HTN 20mg QD (40mg QD)
Competitive antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor
Back pain, dizziness, HA, hyperkalemia, hypotension

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23
Q

Losartan

A

Cozaar, angiotensin II receptor antagonist, antiHTN
HTN 25-100mg QD or BID
Reduce risk of cerebrovascular accident 100mg QD
Diabetic neuropathy 100mg QD
Competitive antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor
HA, anorexia, back pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia

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24
Q

Irbesartan

A

Avapro, angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Diabetic nephropathy T2DM and HTN 300mg QD
HTN 150-300mg QD
Competitive antagonist of angiotensin II receptor
Hyperkalemia, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, HA, heartburn, hypotension

25
Q

Hydralazine

A

Apresoline, peripheral vasodilator
HTN 25mg QID
Vasodilator that reduces total peripheral resistance by direct action on vascular smooth muscle
Anorexia, chest pain, diarrhea, dizziness, HA, hypotension, nasal congestion

26
Q

Propranolol

A

Inderal, B-adrenergic blocker (nonselective)
Angina 80-320mg QD
Cardiac dysrhythmia 10-30mg TID-QID
HTN 240mg QD (divided)
Migraine prophylaxis 240mg QD (divided)
Block B1 and B2 receptors
Hypotension, Bradyarrhythmias, bronchospasm, constipation, diarrhea

27
Q

Nebivolol

A

Bystolic, B1 selective blocker (cardioselective)
HTN 5mg QD (max 40mg QD)
Long acting cardioselective B1 antagonist w/o intrinsic sympathomimetic activities
Bradyarrhythmia, bronchospasm, disorder of glucose regulation, dizziness

28
Q

Metoprolol succinate

A

Toprol, B-adrenergic blocker, cardioselective
Angina 50mg BID or 100mg QD
Heart failure 200mg QD
HTN 450mg QD (divided)
AMI 25-50mg q6h-q12h
Cardioselective B-adrenergic blocker
Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, arthralgia, Bradyarrhythmia

29
Q

Carvedilol

A

Coreg, a/b-adrenergic blocker
Heart failure 25mg BID
HTN 6.25mg BID (max 25mg)
Impaired left ventricular function 25mg BID
Selective for a and nonselective b adrenergic blocker that decreases AV node conduction
Cold extremities, dizziness, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, hypotension, weight gain

30
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Zebeta, cardioselective B-adrenergic blocker
HTN 20mg QD
Cardioselective beta blocker that decreases AV nodal conduction
Bradyarrhythmia, cold extremities, dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, anorexia

31
Q

Atenolol

A

Tenormin, cardioselective B-adrenergic blocker
Angina 100-200mg QD
HTN 100mg QD
Cardioselective B-adrenergic that decreases AV node conduction
Bradyarrhythmia, cold extremities, dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, depression

32
Q

Amlodipine

A

Norvasc, CCB
HTN 5-10mg QD
Stable angina 5-10mg QD
Variant angina 5-10mg QD
Long acting dihydropyridine CCB with vasodilating properties
Peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, abdominal pain, arthralgia, constipation

33
Q

Diltiazem

A

Cardizem, Dilacor, Taztia, Tiazac, CCB
HTN 360mg QD (ER-24h 540mg QD)
Stable chronic angina 30mg QID
Arterial arrhythmia 180-360mg QD
Decreases HR, prolongs AV nodal conduction (negative inotropic properties)
Edema, HA, bradycardia, constipation, dizziness, fatigue, HA

34
Q

Felodipine

A

Plendil, CCB
HTN 2.5-10mg BID or 10-20mg QD
Dihydropyridine CCB with arterial and coronary vasodilating properties (increase sympathic tone)
Peripheral edema, abdominal pain, arthralgia, constipation, dizziness

35
Q

Nifedipine

A

Adalat, Procardia, CCB
HTN 90mg QD
Stable chronic angina 120mg QD
Variant angina 120mg QD
Ca influx inhibitor that selectively inhibits the transmembrane influx of Ca ions into cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
Flushing, HA, peripheral edema, dizziness, constipation, fatigue

36
Q

Verapamil

A

Calan, Isoptin, CCB
Angina 80-120mg TID (ER 180mg QDHS)
Atrial arrhythmia 240-320mg QD (divided)
HTN 360-480mg QD
Inhibits Ca slow channels on vascular smooth muscle and myocardium producing relaxation of muscle and vasodilation
Gingival hyperplasia, Bradyarrhythmia, constipation, dizziness, fatigue, HA, hypotension

37
Q

Terazosin

A

Hytrin, alpha-1 adrenergic blocker
BPH 20mg QD
HTN 20-40mg QD
Selectively blocks postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenergic receptors- total peripheral resistance is reduced through arterial and venous dilation
Asthenia, dizziness, dyspnea, HA, impotence, nausea

38
Q

Doxazosin

A

Cardura, alpha-1 adrenergic blocker
BPH 1-8mg QD (ER 8mg)
HTN 1mg QD (max 16mg QD)
Selectively blocks postsynaptic alpha-1 receptors, reducing peripheral resistance through arterial and venous dilation
Asthenia, dizziness, edema, fatigue, HA, hypotension

39
Q

Clonidine

A

Catapres, alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
ADHD 0.1mg QHS
HTN 0.2-0.6mg (divided) (max 2-4mg QD)
Stimulates postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the CNS by activating inhibitory neurons
Feeling nervous, HA, somnolence, erythema, xerostomia, bradycardia, constipation

40
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Nitrostat, Minitran, Nitro-Dur, nitrate, antianginal
Angina prophylaxis 2.5-6.5mg TID-QID, sublingual 1 tab 5-10min
Angina acute 1 tab (repeat q5min prn)
Converted to NO which increases cyclic GMP and decreases intracellular Ca, direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
HA, bradycardia, drug tolerance, flushing, hypotension, light-headedness

41
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Imdur, long acting nitrate, antianginal
Angina prophylaxis 120-240mg QD
Active 5-mononitrate metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate, increases cGMP and decreases intracellular Ca resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
Dizziness, HA, bradycardia, flushing, hypotension, nausea, orthostatic hypotension

42
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Plavix, platelet aggregation inhibitor
Acute ST elevation 75mg QD
Thrombosis prevention 75mg QD
Antiplatelet agent that prevents platelet aggregation by direct inhibition of ADP binding to receptor sites
Arthralgia, backache, epistaxis, gastritis, HA, HTN

43
Q

Warfarin

A

Coumadin, anticoagulant, vit K antagonist
Multiple indications 2-10mg QD
Prevents conversion of vit K back to its active form from vit K epoxide, impairs formation of vit K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X
Bleeding, anemia, epistaxis, rash

44
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Xarelto, anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor
Prevention of thrombosis w/ orthopedic surgery 10mg QD
Prevention of thrombosis w/ nonvalvular afib 20mg QD
Trt and prevention of DVT 20mg QD
Factor Xa inhibitor that selectively blocks the active site of factor Xa
Bleeding, peripheral edema, dizziness, HA, fatigue, bruising

45
Q

Digoxin

A

Lanoxin, digitalis glycoside
Afib 0.125-0.375mg QD
Heart failure 0.125-0.375 QD
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia 0.125-0.5 QD
Digitalis glycosides exert positive inotropic effects through improved availability of Ca to myocardial contractile elements
Anorexia, confusion, diarrhea, dizziness, ECG changes, HA, nausea

46
Q

Amiodarone

A

Cardarone, antiarrhythmic
Ventricular arrhythmia 400-600mg QD
Type III arrhythmic that prolongs the effective refractory period of atrial and ventricular tissue by blocking K conductance
Nausea, vomiting, alopecia, Bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, increased LFTs

47
Q

Bumetanide

A

Bumex, diuretic
Edema 0.5-2mg QD (max 10mg QD)
Inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Dizziness, hypotenion, muscle cramps, weakness, impaired hearing, hypokalemia

48
Q

Ezetimibe and Simvastatin

A

Vytorin, antiHLD
10/20mg QD
HA, URI, influenzae

49
Q

Guanfacine

A

Tenex, Intuniv, antiHTN/antipsychotic
HTN 1mg QHS (max 3mg QD)
ADHD 1-4mg QD
Stimulates central alpha 2 adrenergic receptors and reduces vasomotor center in the CNS to the heart and blood vessels
Dry mouth, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, constipation, HA, insomnia

50
Q

Torsemide

A 
Demadex, diuretic 
Edema 20mg QD 
HTN 5mg QD 
Inhibits the Na-K-Cl carrier system and increases excretion of Na, Cl, water 
Excessive urination
51
Q

Amlodipine with benazepril

A

Lotrel, antiHTN
HTN 1 cap QD
Cough, HA, dizziness, edema, angioedema

52
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

Dilatrate, Isordil, nitrate/vasodilator, antianginal
Angina prophylaxis 10-40mg BID-TID (max 480mg QD)
Stimulates cGMP production, resulting in vascular smooth muscle relaxation
Hypotension, HA, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension

53
Q

Lisinopril/HCTZ

A

Zestoretic, Prinzide, antiHTN
HTN 1 tab QD (10-80/6.25-100mg)
Dizziness, HA, fatigue, cough, diarrhea

54
Q

Losartan/HCTZ

A

Hyzaar, antiHTN
HTN 1 tab QD (25-100/12.5-100mg)
URI, dizziness, cough, back pain

55
Q

Olmesartan/HCTZ

A

Benicar-HCT, antiHTN
HTN 20/12.5-50mg QD
Dizziness, URI, hyperuricemia, nausea

56
Q

Triamterene/HCTZ

A

Dyazide, Maxzide, diuretic
Edema 1-2 doses BID
HTN 1-2 doses QD
Dry mouth, muscle cramps, nausea, weakness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension

57
Q

Valsartan/HCTZ

A

Diovan-HCT, antiHTN
HTN 80-320mg QD (1 tab QD)
Dizziness, viral infection, fatigue, pharyngitis

58
Q

Metoprolol tartrate

A

Lopressor, antiHTN
HTN 100-450mg QD
Acute myocardial infarction 25-50mg q6h
Cardioselective B-1 adrenergic receptor blocker that decreases HR and cardiac output, decreases BP
Dizziness, fatigue, depression, SOB, diarrhea

Pharmacy Drugs (37 decks)

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