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NASM STUDY > Domain 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Domain 1 Vocab Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

shorter, more tightly connected than

skeletal muscle; involuntary.

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2
Q

Atria

A

smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive

blood from veins.

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3
Q

Right atrium

A

gathers deoxygenated blood

returning to the heart.

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4
Q

Left atrium

A

gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs

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5
Q

Ventricles

A

larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.

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6
Q

Right ventricle

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to

lungs.

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7
Q

Left ventricle

A

pumps oxygenated blood to the

body

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8
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart.

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9
Q

Veins

A

transport blood back to the heart

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10
Q

Arterioles

A

small branches of arteries; end in capillaries

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11
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange

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12
Q

Venules

A

very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.

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13
Q

Stroke volume

A

amount of blood pumped with each contraction

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14
Q

Heart rate

A

the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult = 70-80 bpm.

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15
Q

Cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate × stroke volume

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16
Q

Superior

A

above a point of reference

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17
Q

Inferior

A

below a point of reference

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18
Q

Proximal

A

nearest to a point of reference.

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19
Q

Distal

A

farthest from a point of reference.

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20
Q

Anterior

A

front of the body

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21
Q

Posterior

A

back of the body

22
Q

Medial

A

closer to the middle of the body

23
Q

Lateral

A

farther from the middle of the body

24
Q

Contralateral

A

on the opposite side of the body

25
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body.

26
Q

Frontal

A

Adduction/abduction
Lateral flexion
Eversion/inversion

27
Q

Sagittal

A

Flexion/extension

28
Q

Transverse

A

Rotation

Horizontal adduction/abduction

29
Q

Flexion

A

bending movement; decreases relative angle between segments

30
Q

Extension

A

straightening movement; increases relative angle between segments

31
Q

Plantarflexion

A

extension at the ankle

32
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

flexion at the ankle

33
Q

Abduction

A

movement in the frontal plane away from the middle.

34
Q

Adduction

A

movement in the frontal plane toward the middle

35
Q

Horizontal abduction

A

transverse plane arm movement from anterior to lateral

36
Q

Horizontal adduction

A

transverse plane arm movement from lateral to anterior

37
Q

Internal rotation

A

rotation toward the middle of the body

38
Q

External rotation

A

rotation away from the middle of the body

39
Q

Concentric

A

moving in opposite direction of force, accelerates or produces force; muscle shortens.

40
Q

Eccentric

A

muscle developes tension while lengthening; decelerates force

41
Q

Isometric

A

muscular force equal to resistive force, stabilizes force; no change in muscle length.

42
Q

Davis’s law

A

soft tissue models along the lines of stress

43
Q

Autogenic inhibition

A

neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles
to contract; provides inhibitory effect to muscle spindles

44
Q

Reciprocal inhibition

A

simultaneous contraction of one muscle, and relaxation of its antagonist to allow
movement.

45
Q

Relative flexibility

A

tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance

46
Q

Postural distortion patterns

A

predictable

patterns of muscle imbalances

47
Q

Altered reciprocal inhibition

A

muscle inhibition
caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its
functional antagonist

48
Q

Synergistic dominance

A

inappropriate muscle
takes over function of a weak or inhibited prime
mover

49
Q

Muscle imbalance

A

alteration of muscle length

surrounding a joint

50
Q

Proprioception

A

cumulative sensory input from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb
movements

NASM STUDY (11 decks)

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