Domain 1 Vocab

Question 1

Cardiac muscle

Answer 1

shorter, more tightly connected than

skeletal muscle; involuntary.

Question 2

Atria

Answer 2

smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive

blood from veins.

Question 3

Right atrium

Answer 3

gathers deoxygenated blood

returning to the heart.

Question 4

Left atrium

Answer 4

gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 5

Ventricles

Answer 5

larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.

Question 6

Right ventricle

Answer 6

pumps deoxygenated blood to

lungs.

Question 7

Left ventricle

Answer 7

pumps oxygenated blood to the

body

Question 8

Arteries

Answer 8

carry blood away from the heart.

Question 9

Veins

Answer 9

transport blood back to the heart

Question 10

Arterioles

Answer 10

small branches of arteries; end in capillaries

Question 11

Capillaries

Answer 11

smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange

Question 12

Venules

Answer 12

very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.

Question 13

Stroke volume

Answer 13

amount of blood pumped with each contraction

Question 14

Heart rate

Answer 14

the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult = 70-80 bpm.

Question 15

Cardiac output

Answer 15

volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate × stroke volume

Question 16

Superior

Answer 16

above a point of reference

Question 17

Inferior

Answer 17

below a point of reference

Question 18

Proximal

Answer 18

nearest to a point of reference.

Question 19

Distal

Answer 19

farthest from a point of reference.

Question 20

Anterior

Answer 20

front of the body

Question 21

Posterior

Answer 21

back of the body

Question 22

Medial

Answer 22

closer to the middle of the body

Question 23

Lateral

Answer 23

farther from the middle of the body

Question 24

Contralateral

Answer 24

on the opposite side of the body

Question 25

Ipsilateral

Answer 25

on the same side of the body.

Question 26

Frontal

Answer 26

Adduction/abduction Lateral flexion Eversion/inversion

Question 27

Sagittal

Answer 27

Flexion/extension

Question 28

Transverse

Answer 28

Rotation | Horizontal adduction/abduction

Question 29

Flexion

Answer 29

bending movement; decreases relative angle between segments

Question 30

Extension

Answer 30

straightening movement; increases relative angle between segments

Question 31

Plantarflexion

Answer 31

extension at the ankle

Question 32

Dorsiflexion

Answer 32

flexion at the ankle

Question 33

Abduction

Answer 33

movement in the frontal plane away from the middle.

Question 34

Adduction

Answer 34

movement in the frontal plane toward the middle

Question 35

Horizontal abduction

Answer 35

transverse plane arm movement from anterior to lateral

Question 36

Horizontal adduction

Answer 36

transverse plane arm movement from lateral to anterior

Question 37

Internal rotation

Answer 37

rotation toward the middle of the body

Question 38

External rotation

Answer 38

rotation away from the middle of the body

Question 39

Concentric

Answer 39

moving in opposite direction of force, accelerates or produces force; muscle shortens.

Question 40

Eccentric

Answer 40

muscle developes tension while lengthening; decelerates force

Question 41

Isometric

Answer 41

muscular force equal to resistive force, stabilizes force; no change in muscle length.

Question 42

Davis’s law

Answer 42

soft tissue models along the lines of stress

Question 43

Autogenic inhibition

Answer 43

neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract; provides inhibitory effect to muscle spindles

Question 44

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 44

simultaneous contraction of one muscle, and relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement.

Question 45

Relative flexibility

Answer 45

tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance

Question 46

Postural distortion patterns

Answer 46

predictable | patterns of muscle imbalances

Question 47

Altered reciprocal inhibition

Answer 47

muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist

Question 48

Synergistic dominance

Answer 48

inappropriate muscle takes over function of a weak or inhibited prime mover

Question 49

Muscle imbalance

Answer 49

alteration of muscle length | surrounding a joint

Question 50

Proprioception

Answer 50

cumulative sensory input from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements