DO NOT STUDY Chapter 15.2 Flashcards
association cortex
Neocortex outside the primary sensory and motor cortices that functions to produce cognition.
binding problem
Philosophical question focused on how the brain ties single and varied sensory and motor events together into a unified perception or behavior.
how much of the neocortex do the primary sensory and motor areas occupy?
1/3
What do 2/3 of the neocortex occupy?
located in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, is referred to generally as the association cortex
function of neocortex
produce cognition.
connections of the association cortex
A major source of input to all cortical areas is the thalamus, which rests atop the brainstem. The primary sensory cortex receives inputs from thalamic nuclei that receive information from the body’s sense organs. But inputs to the association cortex come from thalamic areas that receive their inputs from other regions in the cortex.
As a result, inputs to the association cortex are already highly processed
temporal association regions
produce cognition related to visual and auditory processing.
parietal cortex
closely related to somatosensation and movement control.
frontal cortex
cortex coordinates information coming from the parietal and temporal association regions with information coming from subcortical regions.
prefrontal cortex (PFC)
encompass its dorsal, lateral, orbital frontal, and medial regions
anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
An additional frontal-lobe region; functions as an interface between emotion and cognition.
damage to V4
can no longer perceive color
Damage to v5
can no longer see movement
Agnosic
lack information about objects; damage to the ventral stream (visual processing) in the temporal association cortex
knowledge of what things are
temporal
knowledge of how to grasp
parietal
multimodal regions
combine characteristics of stimuli across different senses when we encounter them, separately or together.
Spatial cognition
refers to a whole range of mental functions that vary from navigational ability (getting from point A to point B) to the mental manipulation of complex visual arrays
ability to move/visualize
the ability to mentally manipulate visual images seems likely to have arisen in parallel with the ability to navigate in space.
The evolution of skill in mental manipulation is also closely tied to the evolution of physical movements.
attention
Selective narrowing or focusing of awareness to part of the sensory environment or to a class of stimuli.
dorsal stream
in the parietal lobes plays a central role in controlling vision for action. Discrete limb movements are made to points in space, so a reasonable supposition is that the evolutionary development of the dorsal stream provided a neural basis for such spatial cognitive skills as the mental rotation of objects.
what plays an important role in attention?
frontal lobes
frontal association cortex plays a critical role in what?
the ability to flexibly direct attention where it is needed.
when does neglect occur?
when a brain-injured person ignores sensory information that should be considered important.
