Chapter 6: Hormones Flashcards
Control of Hormones
brain responds to sensory and cognitive activity–> hypothalamus produces neurohormones that stimulate the pituitary gland–> PG secretes “releasing” hormones–> PG hormones influence endocrine glands to release hormones–> hormones act on the body–> send feedback for the need of more/less
Hormone Receptors
almost every neuron contains hormone receptors
Steroid Hormones
testosterone and cortisol; syntehsized from cholesterol and are lipid soluble; act on cells DNA to increase or decrease protein production
Peptide Hormones
insulin, growth hormone, endorphins; synthesized by cellular DNA; bind to metabolic receptors–>second messengers–> affect on cell’s physiology
Peptide and Steroid Functional Groups
Homeostatic, Gonadal (sex), Glucocorticoids
Peptide Hormone
one of a group of hormones that maintain internal metabolic balance and regulate physiological system in an organism
Gonadal (sex) hormone
one of a group of hormones, such as testosterone, that control reproductive functions and bestow sexual appearance and identity as male or female
Glucocorticoid
one of a group of steroid hormones, such as cortisol, secreted in times of stress; important in protein and carbohydrate metabolism
Organizational Hypothesis
proposal that actions of hormones in development alter tissue differentiation; Ex. testosterone masculinizes the brain
Anabolic Steroid
belongs to a class of synthetic hormones related to testosterone that have both muscle-building (anabolic) and masculinizing (androgenic) effects
Can hormones effect cognitive function?
Yes
Cortisol
turns off all bodily systems not immediately required to deal with a stressor
Ending Stress response
hippocampus has a high density of cortisol receptors and axons to the hypothalamus. Can signal to the hypothalamus to reduce blood-cortisol levels
Cortisol and Hippocampus
prolonged exposure to cortisol may damage the hippocampus–> impaired memory and PTSD
