Diuretics

Question 0

Hydroclorothiazide-thiazide

Answer 0

-inhibits nacl reabsorption
-not as potent as loop diuretics
- 1 for HT**
Thiazide drug
-HyperGLU
Glycemia, calcemia, hyperuricemia, -avoid in GOuT *lipidemia
- no lose of calcium so good for osteoporosis and renal stones

Metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia

Question 1

Mannitol

Answer 1

Osmotic diuretic
-raise osmolarity of plasma and tubular fluid
-emergency to reduce intraocular pressure in acute glaucoma
-to reduce cerebral edema
-A.E.
can cause hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, Ototoxic

Question 2

Furosemide

Answer 2

Loop agent

IV for PAroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 3

Organic acid secretory pumps ultilized by

Answer 3

Acetazolamide, thiazides, loop diuretics

Penicillins

Blocked by probenecid

Question 4

Organic base secretory pump

Answer 4

Used by amiloride, triamterene

Also by cimetidine

Question 5

Drugs that work in PT

Answer 5

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - acetazolamide

Question 6

Acetazolamide

Answer 6

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Self limited mechanism
So used in galacoma( reduce formation if aqueous humor) and mountain sickness
-A.E. Metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia

Question 7

Furosemide
Burmetadine
Torsemide

Answer 7

Loop diuretic 
For cardiac failure
Greatest lose of Na and water. Also loss of K, Cl, Mg,Ca
-*ototoxic 
- good for hyper calcemia 

a.E. Hypotension, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypoantrenemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesia

Question 8

Chlorthalidone

Answer 8

Thiazide
Increase secretion of Na, Cl and Ca

1-for hypertension
-good for osteoporosis no lose of Ca

Question 9

Ethacrynic acid

Answer 9

Acts as loop diuretic

-but not sulfonate so no allergy

Question 10

Spironolactone

Answer 10

Aldosterone(mineralcorticoid) antagonism

• valuable persistent Hypertension ( don’t let Na in and HK out) , cardiac failure** primary hyperaldosteronism
• can cause gynecomastia and amenorrhea ( affinity for estrogen receptors, hirsutism
• hyperkalemia & metabolic acidosis
• also for resistant hupertention

Question 11

Eplerenone

Answer 11

No estrogen receptor activity
-aldosterone (mineralcorticoid antagonist } antagonism (block sodium in h/k out)- primary hyperaldosteronism
Useful in resistant hypertension 
Useful in cardiac failure **
-A.E. Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis

Question 12

Amiloride

Answer 12

Potassium sparing diuretic 
-prevent Na reabsorption
Hyperkalemia 
Metabolic acidosis 
To treat Nephrogenic DI lithium induced

Question 13

Triamterene

Answer 13

K sparing diuretic

• prevents Na reabsorption
  a. E. Hyperkalemia , metabolic acidosis

Question 14

To lower serum calcium- renal stones

Answer 14

Loop diuretics

Question 15

To reduce risk of renal stones

Answer 15

Thiazides

Question 16

Aldosterone antagonist

Answer 16

Sporniolactone
Eplerenone- no endocrine

Used in conns syndrome, resistant hypertension , cardiac failure

Question 17

ADH antagonist - don’t let water in

For SIADH

Answer 17

Demeclocycline

Convaptan-v2 antagonist

Question 18

Amiloride -DI with Li

Triamterene

Answer 18

Block channel
K sparing diuretics
(Na/hk channel)

Cause hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis

Question 19

Chlorthalidone

Hydroclorothiazide

Answer 19

Thiazides

Treat non lithium induced Nephrogenic DI

First choice in HT*
Good for osteoporosis and pts renal stones .. No Ca exceeded

Question 20

Desmopressin

Answer 20

To treat central DI to increase ADH to increase water retention

Question 21

Who are thiazides not good for

Answer 21

Diabetics