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Animal Biology > Disorders > Flashcards

Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

whats osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

alternations to the base pairing sequence due to mutations
causes brittle bones leading to increased risk of injury & slow healing

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2
Q

what are musculoskeletal disorders?

A

caused by problems with the bones or joints which can affect the body’s ability to move & function normally.

common in inbred animals.

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3
Q

what are the 3 musculoskeletal disorders?

A

osteoarthritis
osteochondritis
hip dysplasia

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4
Q

describe hip dysplasia.

A

caused by malformation of the hip joint which deteriorates due to its inability to work.

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of hip dysplasia?

A

loose joints, reduced activity, difficulty running or jumping, swaying gait, pain & decreased movement in the joint.

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6
Q

describe osteoarthritis.

A

very common & can give rise to other diseases. it affects the cartilage of joints, leading to bone rubbing on bone which can alter the shape of the joint. it is progressive & leads to reduced mobility leading to obesity & increased stress on joints.

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7
Q

what are the causes of osteoarthritis?

A

injuries, incorrect weight, insufficient nutrition.

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8
Q

what are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

stiffness, inability to rise & uneven gait.

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9
Q

describe osteochondritis.

A

occurs when the normal development of cartilage to bone is stopped making the cartilage more susceptible to mechanical damage.

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10
Q

what are the causes of osteochondritis?

A

genetics & trauma

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11
Q

what are the symptoms of osteochondritis?

A

lameness (worse after exercise), inability to weight-bear on affected limbs, pain, muscle wastage.

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12
Q

what can help with osteochondritis?

A

long term management plan needed - restricting exercise although quality of life may be reduced.

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13
Q

what can digestive disorders lead to?

A

dehydration, acid base & electrolyte imbalances and malnutrition.

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14
Q

what are the types of digestive disorders?

A

ingestion of foreign bodies, bloat, sickness & diarrhoea.

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15
Q

explain ingestion of foreign bodies.

A

can cause obstructions in the digestive system which can slow the digestive process leading to regurgitation of food or block the digestive system completely.

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16
Q

what can some foreign objects do?

A

puncture the digestive system leading to infection & death.

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17
Q

whats the treatments of ingestion of foreign objects?

A

surgery to remove the item if not passed through digestive system or regurgitated back up.

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18
Q

what is diarrhoea & sickness caused by?

A

unsuitable amounts of food, contaminated food, unsuitable food types, stress & pathogens.

19
Q

treatments of diarrhoea & sickness?

A

dependent on cause

20
Q

what is the main cause of ruminant bloat?

A

build of gas in the rumen - can cause death.

21
Q

what are the 2 types of ruminant bloat?

A

frothy bloat & free gas bloat

22
Q

what is free gas bloat caused by?

A

obstructions in the oesophagus

23
Q

what is frothy bloat caused by?

A

foam in the rumen trapping gas

24
Q

what animals is frothy bloat most common in?

A

animals with a high protein, low roughage diet.

25
Q

what are neurological disorders?

A

any disorders in the nervous system - spine, nerves & brain.

26
Q

what are the 3 types of neurological disorders?

A

degenerative myelopathy, seizures & listeriosis.

27
Q

describe degenerative myelopathy.

A

disease that affects the spinal cord of older dogs. it is degenerative (gets worse over time)

28
Q

what are symptoms of degenerative myelopathy?

A

wobbling, loss of coordination (white matter begins to degenerate), starts affecting the nerves leading to communication lost

29
Q

describe listeriosis.

A

bacterial infection that can cause encephalitis (swelling on the brain), abortion & blood poisoning - can lead to death.

30
Q

what are symptoms of listeriosis?

A

disorientation, facial paralysis, constant salivation, collapse & involuntary movement

31
Q

what are the causes of seizures?

A

brain injury, organ failure, epilepsy & infection.

32
Q

what can an animal act like prior to seizure?

A

nervous, restless, shaking or salivating

33
Q

what can happen during a seizure?

A

loss of consciousness, convulsions or hallucinations.

34
Q

what are circulatory system disorders?

A

disorders that arise in the circulatory system - heart, blood, blood vessels

35
Q

what are the types of circulatory disorders?

A

mitral valve disease, von willebrand disease, heart murmurs.

36
Q

describe mitral valve disease.

A

causes the mitral valve to degenerate meaning it doesn’t close fully with each pumping action of the heart causing the blood to flow backwards. this eventually worsens leading to collapse of the valve and then to heart failure.

37
Q

what are the symptoms of mitral valve disease?

A

heart murmur, shortness of breath, coughing & reduced exercise ability.

38
Q

what are the treatments of mitral valve disease?

A

drugs to remove excess fluid & to ease burden on heart. a low sodium diet & exercise restriction.

39
Q

describe von willebrand disease

A

caused by insufficient amount of clotting factor, resulting in blood not clotting properly. there are 3 types, type 1 - least severe, type 3 - most severe.

40
Q

symptoms of von willebrand disease

A

unexplained bleeding, blood in urine & faeces, excessive bleeding from minor wounds or surgeries & lameness in joints.

41
Q

describe heart murmurs.

A

caused by abnormal blood flow through the heart from an abnormal heart structure.

42
Q

what are symptoms of heart murmurs.

A

vary depending on structural problem but coughing, weakness & problems with exercising.

43
Q

whats the treatment of heart murmurs?

A

some resolve themselves, some are treated with medication, diet & surgery.

Animal Biology (34 decks)

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