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Animal Biology > Animal Tissue > Flashcards

Animal Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what’s a cell?

A

basic structural and functional unit of an organism

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2
Q

what’s a tissue?

A

group of cells with similar structures that that work together to perform a shared function

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3
Q

what’s an organ?

A

structure made up of different tissues that work together to perform specific functions

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4
Q

what’s an organ system?

A

group of organs with related functions

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5
Q

what are the different types of tissues?

A
  • epithelial
  • muscle
  • connective
  • nervous
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6
Q

what’s the function of an epithelial tissue?

A

lines body surfaces, cavities and tubules. its important in absorption, secretion and protection

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7
Q

what’s the function of connective tissue?

A

supports body parts and connects them together

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8
Q

what’s the function of nervous tissue?

A

conducts nerve impulses by reacting to stimuli and important in coordinating bodily functions

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9
Q

what’s the function of muscle tissue?

A

allows the body and individual structures within the body to move

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10
Q

what are 4 types of specialised tissues in animals?

A
  • cartilage
  • ciliated epithelium
  • squamous epithelium
  • muscle
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11
Q

describe cartilage tissue.

A

strong tissue that is used to make tendons, bones and connective tissue.

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12
Q

describe ciliated epithelium.

A

made of ciliated and goblet cells, goblet produce mucus and cilia waft away mucus from the lungs

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13
Q

describe squamous epithelium.

A

made of smooth, flattened cells and lines inside of blood vessels and alveoli

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14
Q

describe muscle tissue.

A

made of muscle cells that all contract in same direction

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15
Q

whats the structure of an epithelium tissue?

A

supported by basement membrane which consists of simple (single) or stratified (multiple) layer of cells. this membrane consists of network blood vessels (provide O2 & nutrients to cell for absorption) and secretory epithelia (specialised to secrete substances - proteins)

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16
Q

what are the additional features
to the epithelial cells?

A

they are covered in small hair like projections called cilia which help move dust and mucus in the upper respiratory tract

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17
Q

what’s the location and function of simple squamous?

A

location - alveoli
function - allows substances to diffuse through

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18
Q

what’s the location and function of simple cuboidal?

A

location - lines kidney tubules
function - allows diffusion and secretion of molecules

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19
Q

what’s the location and function of simple columnar?

A

location - lines small intestine
function - allows for nutrient absorption and secretion of substances (mucus)

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20
Q

what’s the function and location of pseudo stratified columnar?

A

location - lines the trachea
function - allows impurities to be swept towards the throat due to secretion of mucus

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21
Q

what’s are the three main types of connective tissue?

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • dense connective tissue
  • specialised connective tissue
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22
Q

what are the 2 examples of loose connective tissue?

A
  • adipose
  • areolar
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23
Q

what are the 2 examples of dense connective tissue?

A
  • fibrous
  • elastic fibres
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24
Q

what are the 3 types of specialised connective tissue?

A
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • blood
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25
location and function of adipose tissue
location - under skin around heart kidneys and mammary glands function - stores fat and provides insulation
26
location and function of areolar tissue
location - under epithelium tissue function - protects organs blood vessels and nerves, allows passage for nerves and blood vessels though other tissue and gives strength to epithelial tissue
27
location and function of fibrous tissue
location - ligaments function - attaches bone to bones and provides support to joints
28
location & function of elastic fibres tissue
location - tendons function - attaches muscle to bone
29
location & function of bone tissue
location - skeleton function - forms skeleton, protects & supports main organs and achors the muscle
30
location & function of cartilage tissue
location - intervertebral disc, between ribs & sternum function - smooths surfaces at joints & prevents collapse of trachea & bronchi
31
location & function of blood tissue
location - circulates in cardiovascular system function - transports substances around the body
32
what is muscle
extremely specialised tissue containing cells that contract
33
what are the functions of muscle
allow movement, causes heart to beat, allows lungs to relax & expand, move food through digestive system
34
what is myogenesis
process of development of muscle fibres - causes embryonic development
35
where do muscle fibres form from
fusion of myoblasts into myotubes
36
what's the process of myogenesis
embryonic -> myoblasts -> myotubes -> myofibres
37
what are muscle fibres
cylindrical stands of contractile proteins (microfibrils)
38
what can myofibril be broken down into
sarcomeres (segments) - contain bundles of parallel actin & myosin
39
what do the actin & myosin filaments do?
slide in-between each other allowing muscle contraction & shortening of sarcomere
40
what are the components of a muscle fibre
muscle fibre, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibril, sarcomere, myosin, actin
41
what are the 3 types of muscle
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
42
what's is voluntary muscle
muscle used consciously
43
what's an involuntary muscle
muscle controlled by autonomic nervous system
44
describe the skeletal muscle (vol/invol, location, appearance, function)
voluntary attached to the skeleton cylindrical shape with multiple nuclei arranged on outside, looks striated = arrangement of fibres
45
describe the cardiac muscle (vol/invol, location, appearance, function)
involuntary heart
46
describe the smooth muscle (vol/invol, location, appearance, function)
47
what does nervous tissue create
48
what are the 2 types of cells inside a nervous tissue
49
what are neurons
50
what are glial cells
51
what are the types of glial cells
52
what are the different types of neurons
53
is sensory afferent or efferent
54
is motor afferent or efferent
55
what kind of neuron is interneurons
56
where are these neurons found
57
what's a synapse
58
what do neurotransmitters do
59
what does the myelin sheath do
60
how do interneurons help with sensitivity to surroundings
61
function & location of sensory neurons
62
function & location of motor neurons
63
function & location of interneurons
64
what are the 2 types of muscle fibres
65
what do muscles have a mix of & what does this determine
66
what's aerobic respiration
67
what's anaerobic respiration
68
what type of respiration do fast twitch fibres use
69
what type of respiration do slow twitch fibres use
70
what do slow twitch fibres do
71
how do slow twitch fibres impact animals
72
describe slow twitch fibres
73
what do fast twitch fibres do
74
how do fast twitch fibres impact animals
75
describer fast twitch fibres
76
what proteins interact during muscle contraction
actin, myosin
77
does muscle contraction require ATP
78
describe the mechanism of muscular contraction
79
what does the binding of Ca2+ to troponin cause
80
describe myosin
81
describe actin
82
why do muscle cells produce a force on contraction
83
what are antagonistic pairs

Animal Biology (34 decks)

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