Disease Intervention FC

Question 1

define the term parasite

Answer 1

-gains nutrition / feeds from host
-at expense of / harms host
-ACCEPT causes disease

Question 2

suggest reasons why governments in other parts of the world other than tropical areas, are also becoming increasingly concerned about malaria

Answer 2

-increased movement of infected people
-non malaria countries fund antimalarial measures via international fund
-resistance of parasite to drug / mosquito to insecticide

Question 2

s

Answer 2

ss

Question 3

“bacteria evolve quickly and many are now immune to antibiotics”

Why is the use of “immune” incorrect here ?

Answer 3

-immunity involves an immune system
-bacteria don’t have an immune system
-should say Resistant

Question 4

Describe process by which a pathogen is Destroyed after it has become attached to the surface of a phagocyte

Answer 4

1) (pathogen) engulfed/enveloped/surrounded by cytoplasm
2)endocytosis/phagocytosis
3)(formation of) phagosome
4)(phago) lysosomes
5)(lysosomes/phagosome) move towards / fuse with each other
6)enzyme/lysins/hydrogen peroxide/ free radicals (in lysosomes)
7)(pathogen) digested / broken down / hydrolysed
8) (to) amino acid / sugar / glucose / fatty acid / glycerol
9)broken down products absorbed into cytoplasm
or
Unwanted products removed by exocytosis
10) cytoskeleton involved in endocytosis

Question 5

Name the infective agent that causes TB

Answer 5

Mycobacterium / M.tuberculosis / M. bovis

Question 6

7 reasons why incidence of TB is higher in low income group

Answer 6

1) overcrowded
2)poorly ventilated
3)poor diet/Malnourished
4)Poor health
5)Homelessness
6)more likely to consume milk/meat from infected cattle
7)idea of vaccination/medical treatment more difficult to access

Question 7

Complete the following sequence to outline how a vaccine gives an individual immunity. The
first two steps have been completed for you.
Step 1: A vaccine is produced that is a safe form of an antigen.
Step 2: A small amount of vaccine is injected into blood of the individual to be vaccinated.

Answer 7

3: antigen presentation

4: clonal selection / expansion

5: memory cells / secondary immune response

Question 8

Three methods of pathogen transmission between animals or plants are listed below.
1 direct contact
2 vectors
3 droplets
Which of the methods of pathogen transmission does not apply to plants?
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1

Answer 8

B

Question 9

) State two ways in which an individual S� tuberosum plant could respond to infection by P�
infestans�

Answer 9

-production of callose

-release of toxic chemical

-abscission
-necrosis

Question 10

Which of the following, A to D, is not true about adult stem cells?
A They are found in bone marrow.
B They are not specialised.
C They are totipotent.
D They can be used as a renewing source of undifferentiated cells.

Answer 10

C