Disease Flashcards
What are pathogens
Microorganisms that entered the body and cause communicable disease
What are bacteria
Small cells which reproduce rapidly inside the body, producing toxins that damage your cells and tissues
What are viruses
-are NOT …
-reproduce … inside the body
-they live … yr cells and … themselves to produce … of themselves
-they make the … they are living in …
-they create … damage which is what makes you feel …
-are NOT cells
-reproduce rapidly inside the body
-thy live inside yr cells and replicate themselves to produce copies of themselves
-they make the cell they are living in burst
-they create cell damage which is what makes you feel ill
What are protists
-all e…
-some protists are …
-parasites live … or inside another … causing d…
-all eukaryotes
-some protists are parasites
-parasites live on or inside another organisms causing damage
What is a vector
An organisms that carries a protist
What is fungi
-are …-celled
-some have … made up of h…
-hyphae grow and … human … and the … of plants causing …
-hyphae can produce s… which spread to other … and animals
-are single-celled
-some have bodies made up of hyphae
-hyphae grow and penetrate human skin and the surface if plants causing diseases
-hyphae can produce spores which spread to other plants and animals
How can pathogens be spread
-…
—>contaminated …
-…
—>carried in air … and are … in
-… …
—>touching … surfaces
-water
—>contaminated water
-air
—>carried in air droplets and are breathed in
-direct contact
—>touching contaminated surfaces
3 viral diseases
-measles
-HIV
-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Measles
What:
-a … disease
-spread by … from an … persons sneeze or …
Symptoms:
-… skin …
-f…
Medication:
-…
Can lead to:
-being …
-p…
-i… of the …
What:
-a viral disease
-spread by droplets from an infected persons sneeze or cough
Symptoms:
-red skin rash
-fever
Medication:
-vaccinations
Can lead to:
-being fatal
-pneumonia
-inflammation of the brain
HIV
What:
-a … spread by … contact, or exchanging … fluids like …
-attacks and … the … system
-once the … system is d… it can’t … with other …
Symptoms:
-…-like symptoms
-usually … symptoms for years
Medication:
-controlled with a… drugs
—>stop virus from r…
-… cure
Can lead to:
-other …
-c…
-A…
What:
-a virus spread by sexual contact, or exchanging bodily fluids like blood
-attacks and weakens the immune system
-once the immune system is damaged it can’t cope with other infections
Symptoms:
-flu-like symptoms
-usually no symptoms for years
Medication:
-controlled with antiretroviral drugs
—>stop virus from replicating
-NO cure
Can lead to:
-other infections
-cancer
-AIDS
Tobacco mosaic virus
What:
-affects plants
-causes a mosaic pattern on the leaves of the plants
-leaves become discoloured
-means the plant can’t carry out photosynthesis well
Cure:
-NO cure
-removing infected plant
-disinfect tools
Example of a fungal disease
Rose black spot
Rose black spot
What:
-a … that causes … or black spots to … on the … of rose plants
-they can turn leaves … and cause them to … off
-this means less … happens so the plant doesn’t … very well
How does it spread:
-through the e…
-in water or by the …
Treatments:
-can treat using …
-removing … leaves
—>leaves must be … so it doesn’t …
What:
-a fungus that causes purple or black sport to develop on the leaves of rose plants
-they can turn leaves yellow and cause them to drop off
-this means less photosynthesis happens so the plant doesn’t grown very well
How does it spread:
-through the environment
-in water or by the wind
Treatments:
-can treat using fungicides
-removing infected leaves
—>leaves must be destroyed so it doesn’t spread
Example of a disease caused by a protist
Malaria
Malaria
What:
-caused by a p…
-part of the … protists life … takes place inside the …
-the mosquitoes are … that pick up the … protist when they … on an … animal
-every time the mosquito … on another animal it … it by inserting the … into the animals …
Symptoms:
-… episodes of …
-can be …
Treatments:
-spread can be … by stopping the … from …
-can be protected from them using … and mosquito …
What:
-caused by a protist
-part of the malarial protists life cycle takes place inside the mosquito
-the mosquitoes are vectors that pick up the malarial protist when they feed on an infected animal
-every time the mosquito feeds on another animal it infects it by inserting the protist into the animals blood
Symptoms:
-repeating episodes of fever
-can be fatal
Treatments:
-spread can be reduced by stopping the mosquitoes from breeding
-can be protected from them using insecticides and mosquito nets
Examples of bacterial diseases
Salmonella, Gonorrhoea
Salmonella
What:
-type of … that causes … poisoning
-produce … that make the person feel …
-you can get it from … poisoning by … food that has been c… with salmonella b…
Symptoms:
-f…
-s… c…
-v…
-d…
Treatments:
-most p… (eg chickens) is given a … against salmonella
—>this controls the … of the virus
What:
-type of bacteria that causes food poisoning
-produce toxins that make the person feel ill
-you can get it from food poisoning by eating food that has been contaminated with salmonella bacteria
Symptoms:
-fever
-stomach cramps
-vomiting
-diarrhoea
Treatments:
-most poultry (eg chickens) is given a vaccination against salmonella
—>this controls the spread of the disease
Gonorrhoea
What:
-… transmitted … (STD)
-passed by … contact
-cause by b…
Symptoms:
-pain when you …
-thick …/green …
Treatments:
-originally treated with the antibiotic …
—>… has become … to it
-a…
-b… methods of c…
What:
-sexually transmitted disease (STD)
-passed by sexual contact
-cause by bacteria
Symptoms:
-pain when you urinate
-thick yellow/green discharge
Treatments:
-originally treated with the antibiotic penicillin
—>bacteria has become resistant to it
-antibiotics
-barrier methods of contraception
What is each disease caused by
Measles: …
HIV: …
Tobacco mosaic virus: …
Rose black spot: …
Malaria: …
Salmonella: …
Gonorrhoea: …
Measles: virus
HIV: virus
Tobacco mosaic virus: virus
Rose black spot: fungi
Malaria: protist
Salmonella: bacteria
Gonorrhoea: bacteria
4 ways the spread of disease can be reduced or prevented
-being hygienic
-destroying vectors
-isolating infected individuals
-vaccination
