Blood vessels and the blood Flashcards
What are the 3 types of blood vessels and what do they do
-arteries —> carry blood away from the heart
-capillaries —> involved in the exchange of materials at the tissue
-veins —> carry blood to the heart
Artery structure
-the walls are s… and e…
—>as the … pumps … out at a … pressure
-walls are … compared to the …
-the wall contain thick … of … to make them …
-and … fibres to allow them to … and spring …
-the walls are strong and elastic
—>as the heart pumps blood out at a high pressure
-walls are thick compared to the lumen
-the wall contain thick layers of muscle to make them strong
-and elastic fibres to allow them to stretch and spring back
Capillary structure
-… branch into capillaries
-are very …
-they carry … really close to every … in the body to … substances
-they have … walls so substances can … in and …
-the supply … and oxygen and take away … like …
-there walls are … cell …
—>to … the rate of of …
-very small …, but is … compared to the … of …
-arteries branch into capillaries
-are very very small
-they carry blood really close to every cell in the body to exchange substances
-they have permeable walls so substances can diffuse in and out
-the supply food and oxygen and take away waste like CO2
-there walls are one cell thick
—>to increase the rate of of diffusion
-very small lumen, but is big compared to the width of walls
Veins structure
-… join up to form veins
-the … is at a … pressure in the … so the … are not as thick as …
-they have a bigger … than … to help the … flow
-they have … to keep blood … in the … direction
-have … fibres and … muscle
-capillaries join up to form veins
-the blood is at a lower pressure in the Veins so the walls are not as thick as arteries
-they have a bigger lumen than arteries to help the blood flow
-they have valves to keep blood flowing in the right direction
-have elastic fibres and smooth muscle
What is the job of red blood cells
To carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body
What shape do red blood cells have
A biconcave disk
Why do red blood cells have a biconcave disk shape
-to give them a large surface area for absorbing more oxygen
-they have no nucleus to increase the room to carry oxygen
What red pigment to red blood cells contain
Haemoglobin
What does haemoglobin do in the lungs
-it binds to oxygen to become oxyhemoglobin
What happens in body tissues with oxyhemoglobin
-the oxyhemoglobin splits up into haemoglobin and oxygen to release oxygen into the cells
What do platelets do
-they help the blood to clot at a wound to stop blood pouring out or any microorganisms getting in
what are platelets
Small fragments of cells
What happens if u have a lack of platelets
Excessive bleeding and bruising
What is plasma
A liquids that carries substances in the blood
What does plasma carry in the blood
-r… b… c…
-w… b… c…
-p…
-g…
-a… a…
-C…
-u…
-h…
-p…
-a…
-a…
-red blood cells
-white blood cells
-platelets
-glucose
-amino acids
-CO2
-urea
-hormones
-proteins
-antibodies
-antitoxins
