Cardiovascular disease Flashcards
What is cardiovascular disease
Term to describe heart and blood vessel diseases
What is coronary heart disease
-When the … arteries that supply … to the … of the heart get … by layers of … material … up
-this causes the … to become … so blood … is …
-and there is a lack of … to the … muscles
-which can cause a … attack
-When the coronary arteries that supply blood to the muscle of the heart get blocked by layers of fatty material building up
-this causes the arteries to become narrow so blood flow is restricted
-and there is a lack of oxygen to the heart muscles
-which can cause a heart attack
What are stents
-… that are … inside …
-they keep them … making sure … can pass … to the heart …
-this keep the person heart …
-Tubes that are inserted inside arteries
-they keep them open making sure blood can pass through to the heart muscles
-this keep the person heart beating
Pros and cons of stents
Pros:
-lower the … of a … attack
-they are …
-last for a … time
Cons:
-risk of … from …
-can develop a … clot near the …
—>this is called t…
Pros:
-lower the risk of a heart attack
-they are effective
-last for a long time
Cons:
-risk of infection from surgery
-can develop a blood clot near the stent
—>this is called thrombosis
Is cholesterol a lipid, carbohydrate or protein
Lipid
What can too much of a certain type of cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) do
-Cause health problems
-too much in the bloodstream can cause fatty deposits to form inside arteries
—>leading to coronary heart disease
What are statins
-Drugs that can reduce the amount of LDL cholesterol present in the bloodstream
-this slows down the rate of fatty deposits forming
Pros and cons of statins
Pros:
-reduce the … of s…, c… h… d… and h… a…
-increase the … of a … type of cholesterol (… cholesterol)
—>this types can remove … cholesterol from the …
-some studies suggest they p… some …
Cons:
-are a … term drug that … be taken …
—>… someone could … to take them
-sometimes have … side …
—>eg. H…, k… f…, l… d…
-the … of them isn’t … it takes … for the effects to start working
Pros:
-reduce the risk of strokes, coronary heart disease and heart attacks
-increase the amount of a beneficial type of cholesterol (HDL cholesterol)
—>this types can remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream
-some studies suggest they prevent some diseases
Cons:
-are a long term drug that must be taken regularly
—>risk someone could forget to take them
-sometimes have negative side effects
—>eg. Headaches, kidney failure, liver damage
-the effect of them isn’t instant it takes time for the effects to start working
What are artificial hearts
-Are mechanical devices that pump blood for a person who’s own heart has failed
-they are normally only a temporary fix to keep the person alive until a heart donor is found
Pros and cons of artificial hearts
Pros:
-less likely to be … by the body’s … system than a … heart
—>as they are made from … or plastic so the body doesn’t … them as …
Cons:
-… can lead to … and infection
-they don’t … as well as … natural ones
-.. doesn’t flow through … hearts …, which can cause blood … or …
-have to take … to … their blood to prevent … clot
—>this can cause … problems if … in an accident
Pros:
-less likely to be rejects by the body’s immune system than a donor heart
—>as they are made from metal or plastic so the body doesn’t recognise them as foreign
Cons:
-surgery can lead to bleeding and infection
-they don’t work as well as healthy natural ones
-blood doesn’t flow through artificial hearts smoothly, which can cause blood clots or strokes
-have to take drugs to thin their blood to prevent blood clot
—>this can cause bleeding problems if hurt in an accident
What happens when valves become damaged
-the valve tissue can stiffen so it won’t open properly
-the valve can become leaky so allowing blood to flow in both direction, so the blood doesn’t circulate effectively
How can u treat severe valve damage
-by replacing the valve
-replacement valves can be taken from humans or other mammals
—>these are biological valves
-or they can be man-man
—>mechanical valves
What is artificial blood
-is a … substitute which is used to … the lost … of …
-this may give the patient enough … to … new … cells
-if not then a blood … is needed
-is a blood substitute which is used to replace the lost volume of blood
-this may give the patient enough time to produce new blood cells
-if not then a blood transfusion is needed
