Cells Flashcards
What are all living things made of?
All living things are made of cells.
What are the two types of cells?
Cells can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. bacteria.
What are eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells.
What is a prokaryote?
A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (it’s a single-celled organism).
What are the different parts of a cell called
subcellular structures
What are the main subcellular structures in animal cells?
Most animal cells have the following subcellular structures:
1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Cell membrane
4) Mitochondria
5) Ribosomes.
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are where proteins are made in the cell.
What additional structures do plant cells have?
Plant cells usually have:
1) Rigid cell wall
2) Permanent vacuole
3) Chloroplasts.
What is the function of the rigid cell wall?
The rigid cell wall, made of cellulose, supports and strengthens the cell.
What is the function of the permanent vacuole?
The permanent vacuole contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs, making food for the plant.
What do chloroplasts contain that is essential for photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis.
What are bacterial cells?
Bacterial cells are prokaryotes and are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
What is unique about the nucleus in bacterial cells?
Bacterial cells don’t have a ‘true’ nucleus; they have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm.
What structures do bacterial cells lack?
Bacteria don’t have chloroplasts or mitochondria.
What are plasmids?
Bacterial cells may contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.
What do light microscopes use to form an image?
Light microscopes use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it.
What can light microscopes let us see?
They let us see individual cells and large subcellular structures, like nuclei.
What do electron microscopes use instead of light?
Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light to form an image.
How does the magnification of electron microscopes compare to light microscopes?
They have a much higher magnification than light microscopes.
What is resolution in microscopy?
Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two points, so a higher resolution gives a sharper image.
What can electron microscopes let us see in more detail?
Electron microscopes let us see much smaller things in more detail, like the internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What are some examples of smaller structures visible with electron microscopes?
They even let us see tinier things like ribosomes and plasmids.
What is the formula for magnification?
Formula for magnification = I = AM
