The endocrine system Flashcards
What is one way info is sent around the body
Using hormones
What are hormones
C… molecules released directly into the .. which are carried to other parts of the … but only a… particular … in target …
Chemical molecules released directly into the blood which are carried to other parts of the body but only affect particular cells in target organs
Where are hormones produced
Endocrine glands
What makes up the endocrine system
Endocrine glands
How long do hormones effects last
Relatively long
Glands in the body
-t
-p… g…
-o…
-a… g…
-t…
-p…
-thyroid
-pituitary gland
-ovaries
-adrenal gland
-testes
-pancreas
What does the pituitary gland do
-located in the …
-produces many … that … body c…
-called the … gland because the … act on other g… causing them to r… hormones that bring about …
-located in the brain
-produces many hormones that regulate body conditions
-called the master gland because the hormones act on other glands causing them to release hormones that bring about change
What do the ovaries do
-only in …
-produce o… which is part of the … cycle
-only in females
-produce oestrogen which is part of the menstrual cycle
What do the testes do
-located in the …
-only in …
-produces t… which controls p… and s… production
-located in the testicles
-only in males
-produces testosterone which controls puberty and sperm production
What does the thyroid do
-located in the …
-produces t… which involves the r… of things like the rate of m…, heart … and t…
-located in the throat
-produces thyroxine which involves the
regulation of things like the rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature
What does the adrenal gland do
-located on top of both …
-produces …
-located on top of both kidneys
-produces adrenaline
What does the pancreas do
-produces … which r… blood g… levels
-produces insulin which regulates blood glucose levels
Difference between nerves and hormones
Nerves:
-very … action
-act for a … time
-act in a … area
Hormones:
-… action
-act for a … time
-act in a … area
Nerves:
-very fast action
-act for a short time
-act in a precise area
Hormones:
-slower action
-act for a long time
-act in a general area
What is adrenaline
-… in response to … or scary situation
-your … detects fear or stress and sends … impulses to the … gland which … adrenaline
-released in response to stressful or scary situation
-your brain detects fear or stress and sends nervous impulses to the adrenal gland which secrete adrenaline
What does adrenaline do
-it gets the … ready for “… or flight” by … mechanisms that … the supply of … and … to … in the brain and …
-it gets the body ready for “fight or flight” by triggering mechanisms that increase the supply of oxygen and glucose to cells in the brain and muscles
How does your body control the level of hormones in your blood
Negative feedback
What does thyroxine do
-it regulates the basal metabolic rate, the speed at which chemical reactions in the body occur while the body is at rest
-it also stimulates protein synthesis for growth and development
What is metabolism
All the chemical reactions that happen in a cell or body
What is thyroxine released in response to
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which is released from the pituitary gland
Use of negative feedback to regulate the amount of thyroxine in the blood
-when the … of … is too … the secretion of … is …, this … the amount of … released so the … level falls back to …
-when the level of thyroxine is too high the secretion of TSH is inhibited, this reduces the amount of thyroxine released so the blood level falls back to normal
