Directional and kinesiology terminology, body planes

Question 1

Anterior

Answer 1

relating to the front of the animal

Question 2

Posterior

Answer 2

relating to the back of the animal

Question 3

caudal

Answer 3

toward the tail

Question 4

cranial

Answer 4

toward the head

Question 5

distal

Answer 5

distant from the point of reference / toward the free end of a limb

Question 6

proximal

Answer 6

near the point of reference / toward the attached end of a limb

Question 7

dorsal

Answer 7

toward the top of the animal

Question 8

ventral

Answer 8

toward the underside of the animal

Question 9

lateral

Answer 9

toward the side/flank of the body (outside, away from the median plane)

Question 10

bilateral

Answer 10

referring to both sides

Question 11

medial

Answer 11

toward the midline of the body (inside, closer to the median plane)

Question 12

supra

Answer 12

above

Question 13

infra

Answer 13

below

Question 14

rostral

Answer 14

toward the nose (replace ‘cranial’ when discussing the head)

Question 15

palmar

Answer 15

replace ‘ventral’ when discussing the base of the foreleg paw

Question 16

plantar

Answer 16

replace ‘ventral’ when discussing the base of the hind leg paw

Question 17

extension

Answer 17

draw the bones of a joint away from one another

Question 18

flexion

Answer 18

draw the bones of a joint towards one another

Question 19

abduction

Answer 19

movement away from the midline of the body

Question 20

adduction

Answer 20

movement toward the midline of the body

Question 21

median plane 正中矢狀面

Answer 21

divide the dog’s body into right and left halves

Question 22

sagittal plane 矢狀面

Answer 22

any plane parallel to the median plane

Question 23

transverse/horizontal plane 水平面/橫狀面

Answer 23

pass through the head. trunk or limb perpendicular to the long axis of the part

Question 24

dorsal/frontal/coronal plane 冠狀面

Answer 24

pass through a body part parallel to its dorsal surface