Basic Muscle Functions

Question 1

1. Frontal muscle 額肌

Answer 1

• elevates the forehead
• expression

Question 2

2. Sternohyoid muscle 胸骨舌骨肌

Answer 2

pulls the tongue back

Question 3

3. Sternocephalic muscle 胸骨肌

Answer 3

laterally bends the head and neck

Question 4

4. Cleidocervical muscle 鎖頸肌

Answer 4

• turns the neck
• draws the forelimb forward

Question 5

5. biceps brachii / biceps 肱二頭肌

Answer 5

• flex the elbow
• extend the shoulder

Question 6

6. Pectorals 胸肌

Answer 6

• draws the foreleg backwards and forwards
• adducts the foreleg

Question 7

7. Deltoid 三角肌

Answer 7

• flexes the shoulder
• abducts shoulder joint

Question 8

8. Triceps / Brachial triceps / Triceps brachii 三頭肌

Answer 8

• extend the elbow (main extensor)
• flex the shoulder

Question 9

7b. Supraspinatus 棘上肌 (deep)

Answer 9

• extends shoulder joint
• advances foreleg

Question 10

8b. Infraspinatus 棘下肌 (deep)

Answer 10

• abducts the upper arm
• rotates the forearm (prevent dislocation)
• rotate the shoulder outward

Question 11

9. Carpal digital extensors and flexors 腕指伸肌和屈肌

Answer 11

flex and extend the front paws

Question 12

10. Trapezius 斜方肌/ Rhomboids 菱形肌 (deep)

Answer 12

• elevates the shoulder
• draws the scapula upward, forward and backward

Question 13

11. Thoracic ventral serrated / serratus thoracis 胸腹側鋸齒肌 (deep)

Answer 13

• stabilize the trunk (the front half of the body)
• move the scapula upward, forward and backward

Question 14

12. Latissimus dorsi 背闊肌

Answer 14

• lateral flexion
• flexes the shoulder
• pulls the foreleg upward and backward

Question 15

13. iliocostal lumborum 腰髂肋肌 (deep)

Answer 15

• lateral flexion
• back extension

Question 16

14. Intercostals / intercostal muscles 肋間肌

Answer 16

• support the rib cage
• aid in exhalation

Question 17

15. Obliques 斜肌 (deep)

Answer 17

• support internal organs and the back
• aid in coughing, urination, birthing, exhalation, defecation
• draw hind legs under

Question 18

16. Rectus abdominus / straight abdominal muscle 腹直肌

Answer 18

• supports internal organs and round the back
• aids in coughing, urination, birthing, exhalation, defecation

Question 19

17. Gluteal muscles 臀肌

Answer 19

• forward impulsion
• hind end action
• extend the hip joint

Question 20

18. Sacrocaudal 骶尾部

Answer 20

elevate (extend) and flex the tail (raising and wagging)

Question 21

19. Semimembranosus muscle 半膜肌 (deep)

Answer 21

• extends the hip
• adducts the hind legs
  *part of the hamstring group

Question 22

20. Semitendinosus muscle 半腱肌 (deep)

Answer 22

• extends the hip and hock
• flexes the stifle
  *part of the hamstring group

Question 23

21. Femoral biceps / biceps femoris 股二頭肌

Answer 23

• extends the hip and hock
• flexes and extend the stifle
• abducts the hip

Question 24

22. Tensor fascia latae 闊筋膜張肌

Answer 24

• extends the stifle
• flexes the hip
• abducts the hind legs

Question 25

23. Sartorius muscle 縫匠肌

Answer 25

flexes the hip and stifle

Question 26

24. Tarsal digital extensors and flexors 跗骨指伸肌和屈肌

Answer 26

flex and extend the hind paws