Digestive System Flashcards
Parts of the Digestive System
Digestive System
Primary Organs
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Instestine
- Large Instestine
Accessory Organs
- Salivary Glands
- Liver
- Gall Bladder
- Pancreas
Functions
– Break down of food via hydrolysis into simpler substances that can be used as fuel for the body.
Mouth or Oral Cavity
Digestive System
– Food begins its passage through the digestive tract.
- Composed of several parts.
- -Hard Palate
- -Roof of the mouth- formed from maxillary and palatine bones
- -Soft Palate
- -Moveable mucous fold and separates the mouth from the nasopharynx.
- -Uvula
- -Flap that hangs from the soft palate in the back of the throat.
- Composed of several parts.
Pharynx or Throat
Digestive System
–Extends upward to the nasal cavity and down ward to the larynx.
Esophagus
Digestive System
–Muscular tube that begins at the pharynx and ends at the stomach
–Food is lubricated with mucus and moved by peristalsis into the stomach.
Stomach
Digestive System
–J-Shaped and located in the located in the upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.
–Serves as a storage unit for food and is the digestive organ for the breakdown of food.
–Special cells in the lining, secrete, substances that mix together to form gastric juices, which aid in the break down of food
Small Intestine
Digestive System
–Longest intestine in the body.
– Smaller in diameter than the large intestine.
–Made up of the duodenum, jejunum & aneileum.
Function-
–Complete the absorption process of digested food.
Large Intestine or Color
Digestive System
–Can be divided into descending, ascending, and transverse parts.
–Sigmoid portion of the colon and the rectum are at the end of the colon.
Rectum
Digestive System
–Opens exteriorly to the anus, which contains voluntary and involuntary muscle sphincters used for defecation.
Salivary Glands
Digestive System
–Aid in the process of digestion by creating a watery mixture called salivary amylase, that converts starch to sugar.
– 3 pairs of glands are the parotid glands located below the ear, the submandibuler gland located near the lower jaw and the sublingular gland located under the tongue.
Liver
Digestive System
–Located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm.
–Main function is production if bile.
Gall Bladder
Digestive System
–Small organ or muscular sac on the inferior surface of the liver that serves as a storage unit for bile until needed for digestion.
Pancreas
Digestive System
–Feather- Shaped organ that extends from the duodendum to the spleen.
–Produces enzymes that digest proteins, fats, carbohydrates and nucleic acid.
–Secretes insulin and glucagon into the blood to control blood sugar levels.
