Digestive

Question 1

Def of digestion

Answer 1

-Breakdown of indigesten food
-Absorption of nutrients into the blood

Question 2

Two main groups of digestive system

Answer 2

1. Alimentary canal
   -Continuous coiled hollow tube the food passes through
2. Accessory
   -Digestive organs

Question 3

7 organs of alimentary canal

Answer 3

1. Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Esophageal
4. Stomach
5. Small intestine
6. Large intestine
7. Anus

Question 4

5 organs of accessory

Answer 4

1. Salivary glands
2. Teeth
3. Pancreas
4. Liver
5. Gall bladder
   (Three never touch food)

Question 5

Mouth/oral cavity

Answer 5

Breaks up food particles
-Assists in producing spoken language

Question 6

Salivary glands
(Patriot gland, Sublingual gland, Submandibular gland)

Answer 6

Saliva moistens and lubricates food amylase digests polysaccharides
-Patriot gland
-Sublingual gland
-Submandibular gland

Question 7

Pharynx

Answer 7

Swallows food

Question 8

Esophagus

Answer 8

Transports food

Question 9

Liver

Answer 9

Breaks down and builds up many biological molecules, stores vitamins and iron destroys old blood cells, destroys poisons
-Bile aids in digestion
-Connects to the gallbladder

Question 10

Gallbladder

Answer 10

Stores and concentrates bile
-Bile is introduced into the duodenum in
the presence of fatty food

Question 11

Small intestine

Answer 11

Completes digestion, mucus protects gut wall, absorbs nutrients, peptidase digests proteins, sucrose’s digest sugars, amylase digests polysaccharide
-Duodem = absorbs nutrients & water from food so they can be used by th body
-Jejunum
-Ileum

Question 12

Pancreas

Answer 12

Hormones regulate blood glucose levels bicarbonates neutralize stomach acid trypsin and chymotrypsin digests proteins amylase digests polysaccharides lipase digests lipids
-Sends to Small intestine

Question 13

Stomach

Answer 13

Stores and churns food pepsin digest protein
-Mucus protects stomach wall limited absorption

Question 14

Large intestine

Answer 14

Reabsorbas some water and ions
-Forms and stores feces

Question 15

Rectum

Answer 15

Stores and expels feces

Question 16

Anus

Answer 16

Opening for elimination of feces

Question 17

Tongue

Answer 17

Attached at hyoid & styloid processes of the skull and by the lingual frenulum

Question 18

Appendix

Answer 18

-Accumulation of lymphatic tissue that sometimes because inflamed

Question 19

Cecum

Answer 19

Saclike first part of the large intestine

Question 20

Colon (4)
Ascending, transverse, descending, S-shaped sigmoidal

Answer 20

Question 21

Anal gland

Answer 21

Question 22

Lips (labia)

Answer 22

Protect the anterior opening

Question 23

Checks

Answer 23

Forms the anterior roof, made up of the maxillary palatine bones

Question 24

Hard palate

Answer 24

Forms the posterior roof made up of muscle covered with mucous membrane

Question 25

Soft palate

Answer 25

Forms the posterior roof, made up of muscle covered with mucus membrane

Question 26

Uvula

Answer 26

Fleshy projection of the soft palate

Question 27

Vestibule

Answer 27

Space between lips externally & teeth and gums internally

Question 28

Oral cavity

Answer 28

Area contained by the teeth

Question 29

Tongue

Answer 29

Attached at hyaid & styloid processes of the skull, and by the lingual frenulum

Question 30

Tonsils (Palatine, lingual)

Answer 30

Remove potential pathogens

Question 31

Mechanical breakdown

Answer 31

Food is physically broken down by chewing

Question 32

Chemical digestion

Answer 32

Food is mixed with saliva -Breaking of starch into maltose by salivary amylase Source of enzymes that are mixed with chyme •Intestinal cells •Pancreas • Bile enters from the gall bladder

Question 33

Teeth’s role (2 function)

Answer 33

The role is masticate (chew) food -creates more surface area

Question 34

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Answer 34

Naso = nose -Not part of the digestive system Oro = oral cavity Laryn = larynx

Question 35

Deglutition phase

Answer 35

Voluntary -occurs in the mouth -Food is formed into bolus

Question 36

Pharyngeal-esophageal phase

Answer 36

Involuntary transport of the bolus • All passageways except to the stomach are blocked • Tongue blocks off the mouth • Soft palate (uvula) blocks the nasopharynx • Epiglottis blocks the larynx -Cardioesphageal sphincter

Question 37

Stomach

Answer 37

-on the left side of the abdominal cavity -Food enters at the cardio-esophageal sphincter

Question 38

Cardiac region fungus body pylorus rugae lesser curvature greater curvature

Answer 38

Question 39

Gastric pits

Answer 39

Formed by folded mucosa

Question 40

Mucous neck cells, gastric glands, chief cells, parietal cells, endocrine cells

Answer 40

Mucous neck cells = produce a sticky acidic mucus Gastric glands = secrete gastric juice (hormone) Chief cells = produce protein Parietal cells = produce hydrochloride acid Endocrine cells = produce gastrin

Question 41

Small intestine overview (4)

Answer 41

1. The bodies major digestive organ 2. Site of nutrient absorption into the blood 3. Muscular tube extending from pyloric sphincter to the ileoceal valve 4. Suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery

Question 42

Insulin

Answer 42

causes cells to absorb glucose and liver to store it as glycogen, lowers blood sugar

Question 43

Glucagon

Answer 43

causes the breakdown of glycogen, raises blood sugar

Question 44

Bile

Answer 44

Produced by cells in the liver -Helps to emulsify fats = breaks into droplets -Composition

Question 45

Absorption

Answer 45

End products of digestion -Water is absorbed along the length of the small intestine -Most substances are absorbed by active transport through cell membranes • Lipids are absorbed by diffusion

Question 46

Propulsion in small intestine

Answer 46

Peristalsis is the major means of moving food -Segmental movements -Mix chyme with digestive juices -Aid in propelling food

Question 47

Segmentation

Answer 47

Moving materials back & forth to aid in mixing

Question 48

Peristalsis

Answer 48

Altering waves of contraction