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HHBio > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Def of digestion

A

-Breakdown of indigesten food
-Absorption of nutrients into the blood

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2
Q

Two main groups of digestive system

A
  1. Alimentary canal
    -Continuous coiled hollow tube the food passes through
  2. Accessory
    -Digestive organs
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3
Q

7 organs of alimentary canal

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophageal
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
  7. Anus
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4
Q

5 organs of accessory

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Teeth
  3. Pancreas
  4. Liver
  5. Gall bladder
    (Three never touch food)
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5
Q

Mouth/oral cavity

A

Breaks up food particles
-Assists in producing spoken language

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6
Q

Salivary glands
(Patriot gland, Sublingual gland, Submandibular gland)

A

Saliva moistens and lubricates food amylase digests polysaccharides
-Patriot gland
-Sublingual gland
-Submandibular gland

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7
Q

Pharynx

A

Swallows food

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8
Q

Esophagus

A

Transports food

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9
Q

Liver

A

Breaks down and builds up many biological molecules, stores vitamins and iron destroys old blood cells, destroys poisons
-Bile aids in digestion
-Connects to the gallbladder

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10
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile
-Bile is introduced into the duodenum in
the presence of fatty food

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11
Q

Small intestine

A

Completes digestion, mucus protects gut wall, absorbs nutrients, peptidase digests proteins, sucrose’s digest sugars, amylase digests polysaccharide
-Duodem = absorbs nutrients & water from food so they can be used by th body
-Jejunum
-Ileum

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12
Q

Pancreas

A

Hormones regulate blood glucose levels bicarbonates neutralize stomach acid trypsin and chymotrypsin digests proteins amylase digests polysaccharides lipase digests lipids
-Sends to Small intestine

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13
Q

Stomach

A

Stores and churns food pepsin digest protein
-Mucus protects stomach wall limited absorption

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14
Q

Large intestine

A

Reabsorbas some water and ions
-Forms and stores feces

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15
Q

Rectum

A

Stores and expels feces

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16
Q

Anus

A

Opening for elimination of feces

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17
Q

Tongue

A

Attached at hyoid & styloid processes of the skull and by the lingual frenulum

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18
Q

Appendix

A

-Accumulation of lymphatic tissue that sometimes because inflamed

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19
Q

Cecum

A

Saclike first part of the large intestine

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20
Q

Colon (4)
Ascending, transverse, descending, S-shaped sigmoidal

A
21
Q

Anal gland

A
22
Q

Lips (labia)

A

Protect the anterior opening

23
Q

Checks

A

Forms the anterior roof, made up of the maxillary palatine bones

24
Q

Hard palate

A

Forms the posterior roof made up of muscle covered with mucous membrane

25
Q

Soft palate

A

Forms the posterior roof, made up of muscle covered with mucus membrane

26
Q

Uvula

A

Fleshy projection of the soft palate

27
Q

Vestibule

A

Space between lips externally & teeth and gums internally

28
Q

Oral cavity

A

Area contained by the teeth

29
Q

Tongue

A

Attached at hyaid & styloid processes of the skull, and by the lingual frenulum

30
Q

Tonsils
(Palatine, lingual)

A

Remove potential pathogens

31
Q

Mechanical breakdown

A

Food is physically broken down by chewing

32
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Food is mixed with saliva
-Breaking of starch into maltose by salivary amylase
Source of enzymes that are mixed with
chyme
•Intestinal cells
•Pancreas
• Bile enters from the gall bladder

33
Q

Teeth’s role (2 function)

A

The role is masticate (chew) food
-creates more surface area

34
Q

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

A

Naso = nose
-Not part of the digestive system

Oro = oral cavity

Laryn = larynx

35
Q

Deglutition phase

A

Voluntary
-occurs in the mouth
-Food is formed into bolus

36
Q

Pharyngeal-esophageal phase

A

Involuntary transport of the bolus
• All passageways except to the stomach are
blocked
• Tongue blocks off the mouth
• Soft palate (uvula) blocks the
nasopharynx • Epiglottis blocks the larynx
-Cardioesphageal sphincter

37
Q

Stomach

A

-on the left side of the abdominal cavity
-Food enters at the cardio-esophageal sphincter

38
Q

Cardiac region
fungus body
pylorus
rugae
lesser curvature
greater curvature

A
39
Q

Gastric pits

A

Formed by folded mucosa

40
Q

Mucous neck cells, gastric glands, chief cells, parietal cells, endocrine cells

A

Mucous neck cells = produce a sticky acidic mucus

Gastric glands = secrete gastric juice (hormone)

Chief cells = produce protein

Parietal cells = produce hydrochloride acid

Endocrine cells = produce gastrin

41
Q

Small intestine overview (4)

A
  1. The bodies major digestive organ
  2. Site of nutrient absorption into the blood
  3. Muscular tube extending from pyloric sphincter to the ileoceal valve
  4. Suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery
42
Q

Insulin

A

causes cells to absorb glucose and
liver to store it as glycogen, lowers blood sugar

43
Q

Glucagon

A

causes the breakdown of glycogen,
raises blood sugar

44
Q

Bile

A

Produced by cells in the liver
-Helps to emulsify fats = breaks into droplets
-Composition

45
Q

Absorption

A

End products of digestion
-Water is absorbed along the length of
the small intestine
-Most substances are absorbed by active
transport through cell membranes • Lipids are absorbed by diffusion

46
Q

Propulsion in small intestine

A

Peristalsis is the major means of
moving food
-Segmental movements
-Mix chyme with digestive juices
-Aid in propelling food

47
Q

Segmentation

A

Moving materials back & forth to aid in mixing

48
Q

Peristalsis

A

Altering waves of contraction

HHBio (24 decks)

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