Bio Vocabulary Flashcards
Anatomy
Structure/form of the body
Physiology
Function of the body parts
Levels of hierarchy in Human Body
Least inclusive
1. Chemical = atoms; smallest units of matter that participate in chemical equations
-molecules; 2 or more atoms joined together
- Cellular = basic units of life
- Tissue = groups of similar cells with common function (4 types)
- Organ = composed of two or more types of tissues
- Organ system = Related organs may be part of more than one system
- Organism = the living individual
Cranial cavity
Houses the brain
VERtebral cavity
Houses the spinal cavity
Dorsal cavity
Houses the CNS
Ventral body cavity
Between the lungs
-Houses the visceral organs (gut)
Mediastinum
Contains pericardial cavity (heart), trachea, esophagus, thymus gland
Left pleural cavity
Houses left lung
Right pleural cavity
Houses right lung
Abdominal cavity
Houses digestive organs & is the largest hallow space of the body
Pelvic cavity
Supports the urinary organs & reproductive
Pericardial cavity
Abdominopelvic
Consists of the abdominal cavity & pelvic cavity
Principle of complementary
Structure depends on specific form
EX: Bones can support and protect body organ’s bc they contain hard minerals deposits
Proximal
Close attachment
Ex: The knee is proximal to the toes
Distal
Away from attachment
Ex: The fingers are distal to the shoulder
Superior
The head is superior to the shoulders
Inferior
The feet are inferior to the knees
Posterior (dorsal)
Back
Ex: The shoulder blades
Anterior (ventral)
Front
Ex: Knee caps are anterior
Lateral
Away from the middle
Ex: Ears are lateral to the nose
Frontal
Divides body into anterior & posterior
Sagital
Divides body into right & left
Transverse plane
Divides body superior & inferior
Integumentary
(Skin)
-Forms external body covering
-Protects deeper tissue from injury
-Site of cutaneous receptors, sweat & oil glands
Skeletal system
-Protects & supports body organs
-Provides framework for muscles to move
-Blood cell production
-Stores minerals
Muscular system
-Allows for locomotion
-Maintains posture
-Produces heat
Nervous system
-Control system
-Responds to internal and external changes
-Activates muscles and glands
Endocrine system
-Contains glands that secrete hormones
-Regulates growth, reproduction, nutrient use
Cardiovascular
-Transports blood
-Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients & wastes
Lymphatic/immunity system
-Disposes of debris in lymphatic stream
-Houses white blood cells
-Attacks against foreign substances
Respiratory system
-Supplies blood with oxygen
-Removes carbon dioxide
Digestive
-Breaks down food
-Absorbs nutrients
-Eliminates indigestibles as feces
Urinary
-Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
-Regulates water, electrolytes, and pH
Reproductive system male & female
-Production of offspring
– sperm and male hormones
Production of offspring
-eggs and female hormones
-Contains site for fertilization and fetus development.
-Produce milk
