Digestion And Enzymes

Question 1

What is the purpose of the mouth in the digestive system ?

Answer 1

Mastication. Teeth to mechanically break down food.

Question 2

What does mastication mean ?

Answer 2

Chewing and the process by which food is crushed and ground by the teeth.

Question 3

What is the purpose of the salivary gland in digestion ?

Answer 3

Produces salivary amylase enzymes to hydrolyse starch into maltose.

Question 4

What is the purpose of the oesophagus in digestion ?

Answer 4

Muscular contraction- squeezes good down the mouth to the stomach by a process known as peristalsis.

Question 5

What is peristalsis ?

Answer 5

The involuntary construction and relaxation of the muscles of the oesophagus creating waves which push the contents of the canal downwards.

Question 6

What is he purpose of the stomach in digestion ?

Answer 6

Stores and digests food. Muscular sac with an inner layer that produces enzymes that hydrolyse proteins.

Question 7

What is the purpose of the liver in the digestive system ?

Answer 7

Produces bike salts which emulsify lipids abs allow enzymes to act more quickly when hydrolysing lipids.

Question 8

What is the purpose of the pancreas in digestion ?

Answer 8

A gland that secretes pancreatic juices containing protease, lipase and amylase

Question 9

What enzymes do the pancreatic juices contain ?

Answer 9

Protease
Lipase
Amylase

Question 10

What is the purpose of the large intestine in digestion ?

Answer 10

Absorbs water from waste.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the small intestine in digestion ?

Answer 11

Long muscular tubes. Enzymes produces by the walls of the ileum are folded into villi giving a large surface area. Each cell in the wall has microvilli. These further increase the surface area. They also contain of muscular layer for peristalsis.

Question 12

What is the purpose of the rectum in the process of digestion ?

Answer 12

Stores faeces before it is egested out of the anus.

Question 13

What does egested mean ??

Answer 13

Excreted.

Question 14

What is physical digestive breakdown ?

Answer 14

Food is mechanically broken down by structures to five a larger surface area for chemical digestion.

Teeth
Stomach wall churning

Question 15

Give examples of physical digestive breakdown.

Answer 15

Teeth

Stomach wall churning

Question 16

What is chemical digestive breakdown ?

Answer 16

Large, insoluble molecules are hydrolysed into smaller, soluble molecules by enzymes.

Question 17

Where are villus found ?

Answer 17

Small intestine.

Question 18

Explain features of the villus in the small intestine and why they aid their function.

Answer 18

Large surface area - microvilli further increase the surface area.

1 cell thick- short pathway for diffusion.

Large bold supply enables molecules to move out into the blood maintaining the diffusion pathway.

Question 19

Describe the function of the muscle layer in the small intestine.

Answer 19

The muscular in the small intestine contract during peristalsis. This moves food down the gut and is a type of mechanical breakdown.

Question 20

Describe a chemical test you could carry out to find out if a substance if a reducing sugar.

Answer 20

Heat with Benedict’s solution. A red/orange/brown colour indicates reducing sugar.

Question 21

Which enzymes are used in digestion ?

Answer 21

Lipase - lipids
Protease - proteins 
Amylase - starch
Maltese - maltose
Lactase - lactose 
Sucrase - sucrose

Question 22

Which enzyme are used in protein digestion ?

Answer 22

Endopeptidases - hydrolyse proteins in the middle of a protein molecule.

Exopeptidases - hydrolyse proteins on the end of a protein molecule.

Dipeptidases- hydrolyse peptide bonds in dipeptides.

Question 23

Give 3 examples of protease enzymes.

Answer 23

Endopeptidases
Exopeptidases
Dipeptidases

Question 24

In what order are the protease enzymes in protein digestion used.

Answer 24

Endopeptidases
Exopeptidases
Dipeptidases

Question 25

What type of protease enzyme hydrolysed proteins in the middle of a protein molecule ?

Answer 25

Endopeptidases

Question 26

What type of protease enzyme hydrolysed proteins on the end of a protein molecule ?

Answer 26

Exopeptidases

Question 27

What type of protease enzymes hydrolyse peptide bonds in dipeptides ?

Answer 27

Dipeptidases

Question 28

What enzymes are used in carbohydrate digestion ?

Answer 28

Amylase
Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase

Question 29

Where does carbohydrate digestion mainly occur?

Answer 29

Ileum of the small intestine

Question 30

Where is amylase made and what does it do ?

Answer 30

Salivary gland and pancreas

Hydrolysed starch into maltose.

Question 31

Where is maltase made and what does it do ?

Answer 31

It is made in the ileum and is a membrane bound disaccharide.
Hydrolysed maltose into glucose.

Question 32

Where is sucrase produced and what does it do.

Answer 32

Ileum of the small intestine.

Hydrolysed sucrose into glucose and fructose.

Question 33

Where is lactase produced and what does it do.

Answer 33

Ileum of the small intestine.

Hydrolysed lactose unto glucose and galactose.

Question 34

What chemicals are used in lipid digestion.

Answer 34

Bike salts

Lipase enzymes.

Question 35

What do bike salts do and where are they produced?

Answer 35

Liver

Split up lipids into tiny droplets called micelles by a process of emulsification.

Question 36

Where are lipase enzymes produced and what do they do ?

Answer 36

Pancreas

Hydrolyse triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides.