Diabetes Flashcards
Name a type of incretin?
Glucagon like peptide
What do incretins cause?
release of insulin
What random plasma glucose shows diabetes?
11 mmol/L +
What is the half life for insulin in plasma?
5 mins
What substances are used to modify the absorption of insulin?
Protamine and zinc
Why is the site of insulin administration rotated?
to prevent lipodystrophy
Name a long acting insulin
Glargine
When should you suspect DKA?
Blood glucose above 11 mmol/L and infection/trauma/ADR etc
What is the immediate treatment for DKA?
Fluids and insulin
What is the 2nd step treatment for DKA?
glucose and K+
What is the method of action of metformin?
reduces hepatic glucose output and increases glucose utilisation in skeletal muscle
What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonylureas?
stimulate beta cell pancreatic insulin secretion blocking ATP-dependent K+ channels
What is the method of action f Thiazolidinediones (glitazones)?
Insulin sensitisation in muscle and adipose, Reduce hepatic glucose output and activation of PPAR(gamma)
What is the method of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors?
Decrease glucose absorption from tubular filtrate
What is the method of action of DPP-4 inhibitors?
Prevent incretin degradation (glucose dependent so lower hypoglycaemic risk)
