Antiemetics & Antidiarrhoeals

Question 1

What four things can trigger the Chemoreceptor trigger zone?

Answer 1

Vestibular nuclei, visceral afferents from gut, direct triggers and sensory afferents via midbrain

Question 2

Which agents act on the vestibular nuclei?

Answer 2

Mucarinic receptor antagonists and H1 receptor antagonists

Question 3

Which agents act on visceral afferents in the gut?

Answer 3

5HT3 receptor antagonists and D2 receptor antagonists

Question 4

Which agents act specifically on the CTZ?

Answer 4

Some D2 receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, cannabinoids and NK1 receptor antagonists

Question 5

What is Hyperemesis Gravidarum?

Answer 5

Rapid rise in Beta-Hcg stimulates CTZ, can cause dehydration, weight loss and electrolyte imbalance

Question 6

Which agents can be used to treat diarrhoea?

Answer 6

Opioid receptor agonists,

Question 7

What are the 2 types of enema used for constipation?

Answer 7

Osmotic laxatives and stimulant laxatives

Question 8

What types of laxatives can be used for constipation?

Answer 8

Bulk forming, stool softeners