Anticoagulants

Question 1

What do anticoagulant drugs do?

Answer 1

prevent thrombus formation and growing

Question 2

Where are heparins produced naturally?

Answer 2

mast cells and vascular endothelium

Question 3

How does heparin work?

Answer 3

enhances antithrombin 3 activity 1000 fold

Question 4

What does unfractionated heparin have to bind to, to inhibit thrombin(2a)?

Answer 4

antithrombin 3 and 2a

Question 5

What does unfractionated heparin have to bind to, to inhibit Xa?

Answer 5

Antithrombin 3

Question 6

How is low molecular weight heparin given?

Answer 6

Almost always subcut

Question 7

What does LMWH inhibit?

Answer 7

only Xa

Question 8

What are some adverse reactions to heparin?

Answer 8

bruising and bleeding, thrombocytopenia (can cause thrombosis), hyperkalaemia

Question 9

What is the antidote to heparin?

Answer 9

protamine sulphate

Question 10

How does warfarin work?

Answer 10

vitamin K antagonist, inhibits action of vit K dependent clotting factors

Question 11

Which enzyme metabolises warfarin?

Answer 11

CYP2C9

Question 12

What is the most effective antidote for warfarin?

Answer 12

vitamin k1 prothrombin complex concentrate

Question 13

What do direct acting oral anticoagulants directed to Xa do?

Answer 13

inhibit free and bound Xa

Question 14

What do direct acting oral anticoagulants directed to 2a do?

Answer 14

competitive thrombin inhibitor