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PSYC1031 TERM 1 EXAM > DEVELOPMENTAL:COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

DEVELOPMENTAL:COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

1
Q

schemas

A

knowledge is organised into chunks of similar or related items/ flexible grouping

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2
Q

assimilation

A

the process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas

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3
Q

accomodation

A

the process by which new experiences cause existing schemed to change

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4
Q

equilibrium

A

a sense of order, abalone, coherence and stability in the mind- a balanced and well ordered set of schemas
THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IS THE SEARCH FOR EQUILIBRIUM

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5
Q

What are Piaget’s four stages?

A

sensorimotor stage
pre operational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage

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6
Q

Describe the sensory-motor stage (0-2)

A
  • simple reflex actions such as reaching and sucking
  • developing a sense of object permanence
  • emergence of symbolic thoughts (words)
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7
Q

Describe the pre-operational stage (2-7)

A
  • development of representation skills
  • signs and symbols-dual representation
  • counting and basic maths
  • does not understand basic mental operations (conservation)
  • displays egocentrism, irreversibility and centration (one variable at a time) in their thoughts
  • conservation task
  • the three mountains test
  • appearance reality distinction
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8
Q

Describe the concrete operational stage (7-11)

A
  • logical thinking such as weight colour, number, volume
  • conservation
  • reversibility
  • transivity
  • seriation tasks
  • distinguish between appearance and reality
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9
Q

Describe the formal operational stage (11+)

A
  • systematic problem solving
  • logical thinking, abstract and flexible
  • improved memory
  • future thinking with decision making
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10
Q

Adolescent egocentrism

A

belief that one’s own thoughts and feelings are unique-self consciousness and self focus.

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11
Q

imaginary audience

A

make decision on the bases of what they imagine others will think

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12
Q

personal fable

A

certain that others are observing them, they start to believe that their own experiences are unique and others cannot possible understand them

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13
Q

criticisms of Piaget’s stages

A
  • too much emphasis on analytical cognition rather than creative, practical or social intelligence
  • no consideration after formal operational stage
  • lack of consideration for social influences on development
  • sensori-motor and pre operational children were underestimated by Piaget
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14
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory of Development

A

learning is a shared activity

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15
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory of Development

lower mental functions

A
  • genetically inherited
  • automatic
  • respond directly to environment
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16
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory of Development

higher mental functions

A
  • developed through social interaction
  • voluntary
  • require language
  • culturally mediated
17
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory of Development

Internalisation

A

a process whereby external cultural patterns of activity come to be represented internally

18
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory of Development

Egocentric speech

A

when children talk to themselves whilst solving problems-transition between external speech and inner speech which is part of the internalisation process

19
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory of Development

thought and language

A

speech is not just for communication but drives development-a form of organisation
(initially used as a interpersonal symbol system then becomes an internal symbol system= goes from talking to inner voice)

20
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory of Development

Zone of Proximal Development

A

Potential in a child that can be unlocked through instruction and guidance. Distance between:
-independent ability if left alone
-guided ability with help from someone else
The level of guidance can vary in children with the same independent ability.

21
Q

Bruner : Scaffolding elements

‘Joint involvement episodes(8)’

A
  • get child interested
  • control focus of attention
  • segment into manageable tasks
  • create routines
  • frustration control
  • give feedback
  • explanations and cognitive structuring
  • demonstrate the task and delicate to the child

PSYC1031 TERM 1 EXAM (12 decks)

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