DEVELOPMENTAL:ATTACHMENT THEORY

Question 1

imprinting

Lorenz

Answer 1

a sudden, biologically primed form of
attachment
-shows the notion of critical period
-instinctual and adaptive nature of early attachment

Question 2

attachment

Answer 2

strong emotional bond develops between children and their primary caregiver

Question 3

Bowlby’s five phases of attachment development

Answer 3

1. indiscriminate attachment behaviour
2. discriminative attachment behaviour
3. specific attachment behaviour
4. goal-corrected attachment behaviour
5. lessening of attachment

Question 4

stanger anxiety

Answer 4

distress over contact with unfamiliar people

Question 5

separation anxiety

Answer 5

distress over being separated from a primary care giver

Question 6

strage situation

Answer 6

a standardised procedure for examining infant attachment

Question 7

Ainsworth’s attachment types:

Secure

Answer 7

60-65%

• willing to explore the environment with mother
• distressed when mother leaves
• seek contact on return
• calmed and comforted on return

Question 8

Ainsworth’s attachment types:
Insecure Avoidant
‘take care of myself’

Answer 8

20%

• indifferent towards care giver
• less upset during separation
• easily comforted by stranger as mother
• parent is not there for you

Question 9

Ainsworth’s attachment types:
Insecure Resistant
‘why do this? I get angry when you do this’

Answer 9

10%

• clingy don’t want to explore
• very upset during separation
• not comforted on reunion, angry with mother
• parent is inconsistent

Question 10

Ainsworth’s attachment types:
Disorganised
‘stay away but come clode’

Answer 10

<5%

• maltreated children
• lack of strategy to deal with separation and stress
• fear of parent
• freezing or looking dazed

Question 11

Explain the still face paradigm

Answer 11

parent is unresponsive and maintains a neutral facial expression

Question 12

Explain the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task

Answer 12

Doll wakes at night feeling ill. what happens next? Securely attached child will tell a story of a child being comforted by mum

Question 13

Conclusions from Harlow’s study

Answer 13

• attachment occurred in the absence of reward
• born with need for comfort
• mother’s soothes and reduces fear, providing a secure base

Question 14

Long term consequences of maternal deprivation

Harlows

Answer 14

• more fearful
• socially incompetent
• became abusive parents

Question 15

Findings of Roman studies

-some adopted early, some late

Answer 15

• nearly complete physical recovery
• late adopters had lower IQ but caught up
• early adopters had v long term significant problems ASD, ADHD, odd attachment behaviours

Question 16

Bowlby’s 44 Juvenile Thieves

Answer 16

• 39% separated from mothers (2 out of 44 non thieves had been separated)
• maternal deprivation led to delinquency

Question 17

Purpose of attachment

Attachment Behaviour System

Answer 17

• maintains a level of felt security
• secure base allows for child to explore and learn
• child can seek safety

Question 18

Purpose of Attachment

Internal Working Models

Answer 18

• shaped by outcomes of child’s proximity seeking behaviour
• rules of guiding behaviour and feelings in relation to others in the future
• allows prediction and interpretation of other’s behaviour

Question 19

Internal Working Model:

Secure children should…

Answer 19

• have positive relationships with their friends and more friends
• higher self esteem, ore confident and less likely to have emotional and behavioural problems
• have better romantic relationships as adults
• better at identifying emotions emphasising with them

Question 20

Attachment and Child outcomes:

Avoidant

Answer 20

• more fearful

- isolated and disconnected

Question 21

Attachment and Child outcomes:

Resistant

Answer 21

• less joyful

- disruptive and difficult

Question 22

Attachment and Child outcomes:

Disorganised

Answer 22

• more angry

- high hostility

Question 23

authoritative parents

Answer 23

controlling but warm

the best

Question 24

authoritarian parents

Answer 24

exert control in a cold, unresponsive rejecting relationship

Question 25

indulgent parents

Answer 25

warm and caring but no guidance and discipline

Question 26

neglectful parents

Answer 26

neither arm nor rules nor guidance