Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC1031 TERM 1 EXAM > BIOLOGICAL:EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY > Flashcards

BIOLOGICAL:EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

evolution

A

gradual change overtime in organic life from one form to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
natural selection 
(Darwin)
A

characteristics that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction within a particular environment, will be preserved and therefore more frequent over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mutations

A

random events and accidents in gene replication during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dominant

A

characteristic that its controls will be displayed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

recessive

A

characteristic thats controls will not be shown unless the other inherited gene is also recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

allele

A

alternative forms of a gene that proceed different characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

homozygous

A

same type of allele for a trait (both dominant or both recessive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

heterozygous

A

different alleles for a trait (one dominant , one recessive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

genotype

A

specific and complete genetic make up of the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

phenotype

A

individual’s observable characteristics which are influenced by the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

eugenics

A

improving the human race by encouraging ‘desirable’ human traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

adaptations

A

changes that allow organisms to meet recurring environmental challenged to their survival, increasing their reproductive ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

genes

A

functional segments of DNA that code for a particular protein (half of all goes target brain structure and functions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chromosome

A

a sing or double stranded structure comprising of DNA wrapped around histone proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

somatic

A

any cell forming the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diploid

A

two complete set software chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gametes

A

sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

haploid

A

half the amount of diploid / only one set of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

zygote

A

fertilised egg containing 46 (human) chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

polygenic transmission

A

when a number of gene pairs combine their influences to create a a single phenotypic trait and this magnifies the possible variations in a trait that can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

behaviourists viewpoint of adaptation

A

learning experiences (that apply to all organisms) are inscribed on a blank slate

22
Q

ethology

A

each organism is biological prepared to act in certain ways because of evolution

23
Q

inherited behavioural adaptations

A

traits that organism are born with that help to promote their chances of survival and reproductive success

24
Q

behavioural genetion

A

examine how hereditary and environmental factors influence psychological characteristics

25
Q

degree of relatedness

A

number of genes we share with others

26
Q

concordance rates

A

statistical expression of the probability that two individuals with shared genes will share a particular trait to the same degree

27
Q

What is a benefit of twin studies when they have been separated at birth?

A

better evaluation of representative contributions of genes and environment

28
Q

heritability

A

estimating genetic influences

29
Q

heritability coefficient

A

extent to which the differences of variation in a phenotypic characteristic within a group can be as a result of their differing genes

30
Q

name some environmental determinants

A
  • shared family environments
  • environmental enrichments and deprivation
  • educational experiences
31
Q

The Big Five

A
  1. extraversion-introversion
  2. agreeableness
  3. conscientiousness
  4. neuroticism
  5. openness to experience
32
Q

differences in personality are due to …

A

… differences in unique experiences

33
Q

reaction range

A

possibilities the upper and lower limits that the genetic code allows-individual inherits a range for potential intelligence but the environment effects where these fall between the boundaries (this is though to be the same for personality too)

34
Q

what effects intellectual growth other than genetic endowment and environmental factors

A

interests
motivation
personality

35
Q

gene-environment correlation

A

genes influence the environment the individual will experience

36
Q

passive gene-environment correlation

no action from the individual

A

association between the child’s genetic inheritance and the environment in which they were raised

37
Q

evocative gene-environment correlation

effect on others

A

child’s genetically influences behaviours evoke certain responses from others in the environment. eg. aloof vs sociable child results in different kinds of support given

38
Q

active gene-environment correlation

A

association between the genotype and environments which the genotype leads someone to seek out

39
Q

knock-out procedure

A

function of a gene is removed or eliminated to give an insight into its function

40
Q

knock-in procedure

A

a new gene is inserted into an animal at embryonic stage

41
Q

genetic screening

A

for genetic diseases or abnormalities

42
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

seeks to explain how evolution shaped modern human behaviour

43
Q

For the good of the gene :
natural selection…
success=

A

…favours the genes deemed to lead the most reproductive success
=estimated number of copies of individual genes that survive into the future

44
Q

kin selection

A

behaviours are seated that favour the reproductive success of an organism’s relatives even if it is at a cost of the organisms’s own survival and reproduction

45
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

an organism that recurs its fitness to survive and reproduce whilst increasing another’s fitness; undertaken with the expectation that the favour will be returned

46
Q

Evolution may provide humans with species-typical behaviour patterns…

A

…not environmental inputs influence how these are manifested

47
Q

directional selection

A

a trait confers an advantage and therefore gets passed on to subsequent generations

48
Q

stabilising selection

A

a trait is disadvantages and tends to disappear in subsequent generations

49
Q 
diversifying selection 
(speciation)
A

traits become so distinct that different species emerge

50
Q

inclusive fitness

A

both off spring and genetic relatives survive to pass on genes to the next generation

PSYC1031 TERM 1 EXAM (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions