Development L5 - Gene expression and regulation Flashcards
the central dogma states that, the total DNA in each cell constitues the genome. The genome carries the genetic information required for making the?
cells
organs
whole organsism
tissue
whole organism
which type of RNA carries out this particular function: transports amino acids during protein synthesis
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
snRNA
tRNA
AUG = a stop or start codon
start codon
what is the name given to the proteins that bind with the DNA to form a chromatin
histones
a sequence of how many nucleotide form a unit of genetic code in DNA or RNA (codon)
a sequence of 3 nucleotides
how many strands would you expect to find in RNA
single strand
the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself is known as what?
Epigenetics
RNA to protein involves the conversion of nucleotide to amino acid, this is an example of
transcription or translation
translation
for chromosomes to fit in the cell nucleus they must be condensed by how much?
8000X
modification of DNA that switch specific gene expression on/off is known as what
epigenetic mechanisms
Eukaryotic DNA is arranged in segments called what
chromosomes
which type of RNA carries out this particular function: processes initial mRNA to mature from
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
snRNA
snRNA
UAG = a stop or start codon
stop
histones have a charge, what is the charge and how is this important when it binds with DNA?
histones have a positive charge through their basic amino acids (lysine and arginine)
the positive charge enables histones to interact with the negativity charged DNA - due to the phosphate group.
DNA has 4 bases which base compliments Thymine
Adenine
DNA and protein are complexed together to form a what
chromatin
which type of RNA carries out this particular function: carries the code which is translated to make protein
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
snRNA
mRNA
there are 5 classes of histones what are they
H1
H2A
H2B
H3
H4
RNA has 4 bases what are they
Adenine
Uracil - replaces thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
DNA has 4 bases which base compliments Guanine
Cytosine
DNA has 4 bases what are they
GUanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine
DNA nucleotide information is transmitted via an intermediate which produces the amino acid, polypeptide chains and proteins. what is this intermediate
RNA
during transcription DNA is unwinded, the strands are numbered 3 and 5
when strand 3 is convereted to 5
is that strnad being used as a template or a new strand
template
3-5 = template
5-3 = new strand
promoters are DNA sequences which “tell” RNA polymerase where to start transcription and which DNA strand to transcribe.
promotors bind on to which protein
Transcription factors
which type of RNA carries out this particular function: combines with proteins to make ribosomes, where proteins are synthesised?
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
snRNA
rRNA
DNA to RNA involves nucleotide to nucleotide is an example of?
Translation or Transcription
Transcription
where woud the information required to create a whole organism be kept?
nucleotide sequence of the genome
production of amino acids, sequences of polypeptide chains and proteins are determined from what?
DNA nuceotide sequence
Genome
DNA
Chormosomes
Chromatids
DNA nucleotide sequence
