Development L2 - Craniofacial development and disorder Flashcards
is the study of the processes by which organs grow and develop.
moderns developmental biology, studies the genetic control of cell growth, differentiation and morphogenesis, which is the process that give rise to tissues, organs and anatomy, but also regeneration and ageing.
the above is the definition of which study?
developmental biology
what would be best used to describe the following process?
is the process that gives rise to tissues, organs and anatomy, but also regeneration and ageing
morphogenesis
which example of connective tissue is a biological cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
is a loosely organised, mainly mesodermal embryonic tissue which develops in to connective tissue: best describes which tissue
mesenchyme
white adipocyte
brown adipocyte
myoblast
chondrocytes
osteoblast
the cells above derive from which cell
mesenchymal stem cell
myoblast can differentiate to form which three muscle cells
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
the 4 fundamental aspects of developmental biology is:
proliferation/growth size
pattern formation:
morphogenesis-shape
differentiation-type
explain each aspect
proliferation/growth size: cell division going through cell cycle
pattern formation: is the process by which cells in a developing embryo acquire identities that lead to a well ordered spatial patten of cell activities
morphogenesis-shape: change shape for different parts of the body/tissue
differentiation-type: Cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type.
dynamic, reciprocal and sequential interactions, are interactions that allow cells to communicate with eachother.
explain each of the interactins losted above by cells
sequentially interactions are based on timing events, generally reffering to to a succession of something.
reciprocal, interactions Perhaps the simplest type of reciprocal interaction is one in which two cells interact through two cell-surface proteins, both of which can act as receptors and ligands.
Dynamic interactions between cells and their extracellular matrix mediate embryonic development and happen quickly
Tissue interactions appear to be associated with at least 2 general types of phenomena
instructive and permissive
explain how these interactions work
instructive: the ability of one tissue to determine specific patterns of morphogenesis and differentiation that will develop in an associated tissue. (tells other tissues what to do)
permissive: the ability of an interacting tissue to provide certain conditions that is necessary for its committed partner tissue to progress to full expression of its predetermined phenotype. (drives the devlopment of tissue)
is the production and development of the organs of animal or plant: is the definition of what
organogenesis
for organ to be created and developed it undergoes the following
secondary inductions
pattern right place
organ rudiment
organ specific structures
explain how the aboive contribute to the development of organs
secondary inductions: this interaction allows the organs to go in the right place, like the heart in the chest.
pattern right place
organ rudiment - morphogenesis and proliferation, this allows the organ to grow
organ specific structures - differentiation this is the final stage to produce organ
an organ starts as an epithelial placode
placodes are embryonic structures that give rise to structures.
epithelial placode is a condensation of which germ layer
epithelial placode is a condensation of the ectoderm layer
what are the functions cytokines during development
cytokines are small molecules transmitted over small distances that drive devlopment by receptors and signalling RNA synthesis
ECM plays a vital role in development. it is important in morphogenesis and differentiation.
ECM plays a vital role in the following;
adhesion
migration
proliferation
polarisation
differentiation
which germ layers need to interact in order to form the oral development
interactions between oral ectoderm and mesoderm