development in the uk Flashcards
how is economic growth an impact of globalisation in the UK
in most years the UK economy grows by one or two percent mainly due to being safer with the rest of the world. gradually this helps to make us richer
how is cheaper services and goods an impact of globalisation in the UK
many of the things we buy are cheaper because they are produced in places where people earn lower income than we do
how is foreign investment an impact of globalisation in the UK
foreign companies invest in the uk, bringing new ideas an technology. the also provide jobs for workers in the uk
high is high value production an impact of globalisation
the Uk specialises in high-value manufacturing and services, like information technology. workers are better paid and the uk earns more money
how is migration an impact of globalisation
migrants come to the uk to fill jobs where we have a shortage of skilled workers, in healthcare and construction. British people also travel abroad for work
how is less manufacturing an impact of globalisation
more imports of manufactured goods, especially from china, means fewer goods are produced in the UK, factories close and jobs are lost
how are outstanding jobs an impact of globalisation
jobs that used to be done in the UK can now be done else where, this means loss of jobs or lower wages for those still working in the uk
how is inequality between workers an impact of globalisation
the gap between low paid unskilled work and high paid skilled work is increasing. it is hard for low paid workers to negotiate for high pay when jobs can be outsourced
define de-industrialisation
De-industrialisationis the decline in secondary (manufacturing) industries e.g. coal mining, ship building and the subsequent growth in tertiary and quaternary employment
how did deindustrialisation effect the North east of England and what where their responses
high rate unemployment, low incomes, businesses struggle. RESPONSES: investment in infrastructure, foreign investment i.e. Nissan, Regional Development Agency set up.
what is a post-industrial economy
a post industrial economy is where manufacturing industry declines and is replaced by growth in the service and quaternary sectors. this happened in the UK from the 1970s
how has the development if IT, service industries, finance and research moved the UK towards a Post-industrial economy
internet access enables people to work from home
1.3 million people work in the IT sector
The UK is one of the worlds leading digital economies
the UK is the worlds leading center for financial services
the financial service sector accounts for about 10% of the UK’s GDP
UK research sector employs over 60,000 highly qualified people and is estimated to contribute over £3 billion to the UK economy.
define a science park
Science Park: purpose built areas of offices & warehouses often on edge of city on a main road. Located near
universities & hi tech industries, work closely with universities. Cambridge is one of UK’s main hubs for hi-tech industry 1500 IT & biotechnology companies based here. CSP 80km north of London, close to M11.
what are the advantages of Cambridge science park
Good transport links M11, Stanstead airport
• Highly educated workforce Cambridge Uni.
• No competition for space, few traditional ind.
• City offers good QoL, shops, open spaces
• Good links between colleges & industry
what are the disadvantages of Cambridge science park
• City is overcrowded, congested, difficult to drive
& park
• House pieces are high, expensive to live
• Road & rail routes need improving to speed up
connection to cities other than London
what were the rural changes in the UK
Only 19% of UK population lives in rural areas, although it is increasing due to counter-urbanisation. Around cities
in the UK is greenbelt, where building is not allowed. There is pressure to build on greenbelt due to housing
shortages. National Parks e.g. Lake District are popular with home owners & second home owners, this pushes up
house prices, local people cannot afford them so they move away
benefits of population growth
Maintains pop. Small towns & villages balancing
RUM
• Brings new energy to rural areas e.g. start up
businesses
• Maintains demand for local services e.g. schools
Decline; Lazenby Village
Limited services with the post office shutting down and
the bus cancelled in 2012.
It has an elderly population as young people leave to
find employment
problems of population growth
Older people retire to rural areas, increasing
average age
• Newcomers often wealthy, increasing house
prices
• Arrival of newcomers, out migration of local
people is changing rural culture
describe the north of England
hills, mountains, manufacturing industry, high unemployment, pop. Slow growing, lower house prices
describe the south of England
flat, fertile farmland, high employment levels, faster growing population, higher house prices.
what are the expectations of london and scotland
Exceptions: London (high unemployment) Scotland (oil industry).
what are the strategies to reduce the north south divide
- Identifying areas requiring special help – assisted areas to provide money for business.
- Improve transport infrastructure, linking cities in the North, Inc. improving M62 and a high speed rail link
- Regional devolution – giving more power to individual cities to make decisions on how to spend their own money
describe the high speed rail project
Government investment: Plans for new high speed rail network (London to Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds).
Increase road capacity, over 100 miles of new lanes on motorways. Developing ‘smart’ motorways e.g. variable
speed limits to keep traffic moving. Why high speed rail? 1. take pressure off road & rail network 2. encourage
people to travel using rail 3. reduce journey times between cities 4. economic benefits e.g.. jobs
supporters of the high speed railway
Main UK political parties
• Cities of Birmingham, Manchester & Leeds
• Businesses in those cities
• Scottish government
Create thousands of jobs in the Midlands &
northern England
• HS2 will generate £40 billion for UK economy
• Increase the number of rail passengers
• Make rail travel more sustainable
• Reduce number of people who fly between cities
• Carbon neutral as reduced journeys on other
transport
objectors of the high speed rail
County councils on the route e.g. Oxfordshire
• Residents living close to the route
• Environmental organisations & the Green Party
• Taxpayers groups
More likely to create jobs in London and people
will commute instead
• Cost estimated at £42 billion
• Improve existing routes instead to increase
number of passengers
• Increase carbon emissions because high speed
trains use more power
