the changing economy Flashcards
what is access to safe water
The percentage of people who can get clean drinking water
what is natural decrease
When the death rate is higher than the birth rate
what does GNI stand for
Gross National Income
examples of Newley Emerging economies
the BRICS ( BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, CHINA AND SOUTH AFRICA)
The MINT ( MEXICO, INDONESIA, NIGERIA AND TURKEY)
What does HIC stand for?
High Income Country
What does LIC stand for?
Low income country
What is development?
The progress in economic growth, use of technology and improving welfare that a country has made
what is quality of life
when peoples lives improve e.g. wealth, health and safety
what are the 9 different ways of measuring development
gross national income( GNI)
GNI per head
Birth rate
Death rate
Infant mortality rate
People Per Doctor
Literacy rate
Access to safe water
Life expectancy
what is gross national income
the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year, including income from overseas.
What is GNI per head?
The GNI divided by the population of the country. its also often given in us $ and is sometimes called GNI Per Capita
What is birth rate?
The number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year
what is Death Rate
The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year
What is infant mortality rate?
the number of babies who die before they are 1 year old per thousand babies born
What is people per doctor?
What is literacy rate?
what is an NEE
Newly Emerging Economy
describe NEEs
country’s wealth doesn’t stay the same. some countries (NEEs) are rapidly getting richer as their economy moves from being based on primary industry e.g. agriculture to secondary industry manufacturing
what does HDI stand for
Human Development Index
How is HDI calculated?
using GNI per head, life expectancy and education level e.g. average number of years of schooling. every country has a value between 0 and 1
what does DTM stand for
Demographic Transition Model
What does the DTM show?
how birth rates and death rates affect population growth
what is natural increase
when the birth rate is higher than the death rate the population grows
what does stage one suggest on the population pyramid
Stage one usually occurs in LICs. This also suggests that people have bad jobs which contribute to their low quality of life. This creates a negative multiplier effect as a low quality of life results in nearly no use of contraception resulting in more births. Due to the terrible healthcare system in LICs there is a higher infant mortality rate due to increase in birth rate and a high death rate due to poor health care.
Stage 2 Population Pyramid
high birth rates, and rapidly decreasing death rates due to better healthcare so there is high population growth this means lots of children can work on farms
Stage 3 Population Pyramid
most NEEs are at this stage the birth rate falls rapidly due to contraception.
more women work instead of having children the economy changes from farming to manufacturing so fewer children work on farms.
improved healthcare so death rate falls and life expectancy increases
stage 4 and 5 of population pyramid
most HICS are at one of these stages. Birth rates are low- people expect a high standard of living, and may have dependent elderly relatives, so there is less money available for having children
healthcare is good so the death rate is low and life expectancy is high
