challenge of resource management V2

Question 1

• what are the three main resources

Answer 1

resources such as food water and energy, are needed for baisic human development

Question 2

• how does food affect the economic and social well-being of people and countries

Answer 2

a poorly balanced diet can cause illness and disease. people need to be well-fed to be productive. Obesity is an increasing problem.

over one billion people do not get enough calories. undernutrition affects a further two billion. countries in sub-Saharan Africa suffer most from undernourishment.

Question 3

• how does water affect the economic and social well-being of people and countries

Answer 3

water is: essential for drinking. vital for crops. used to produce energy

variations in climate and rainfall affect supply. capture, storage, and extraction are expensive. many poor countries have water shortages. LICs/NEEs use most water for agriculture. HICs use most water for industry

Question 4

• how does energy affect the economic and social well-being of people and countries
  s

Answer 4

countries need energy for industry and transport, as well as for use in homes. Electricity can allow countries to develop industry, creating jobs and wealth. lifestyles in higher-income countries depend on a large, stable supply of energy

without electricity, people in LICs and NEEs may use other resources. Burning wood can lead to local deforestation, so people have to walk further to find fuel. Kerosene stoves can release harmful fumes 

electricity can also power pumps for wells and provide more safe water for communities

Question 5

• describe the consumption of resources in HICs

Answer 5

consumption of resources is greater in HICs because they can afford to buy the resources they need and expect a higher standard of living. countries such as luxembourg import much of the energy they use

Question 6

• describe the consumption of resources in NEEs

Answer 6

consumption is increasing rapidly in NEEs. industry is developing quickly and population and wealth are also increasing rapidly

Question 7

• describe the consumption of resources in LICs

Answer 7

consumption is lower in LICs because they cannot afford to exploit available resources or import laking resources

Question 8

• how is there a greater demand of high value foods

Answer 8

as peoples incomes have increased, exotic fruits, vegetables, spices and coffee have become more popular. these are often grown in LICs

Question 9

• how is there a greater demand of seasonal products

Answer 9

seasonal food is only available during the months that it grows. Fruit and vegitable are imported to meet the demand for seasonal produce all year round

Question 10

• how is there a greater demand for organic produce

Answer 10

people are becoming more concerned about the environmnetal impacts of food production, and how chemicals can affect their health. as organic food production is strictly regulated demand is growing. some organic food is produced in the UK, but lots is imported

Question 11

• how is the carbon footprint of our food growing

Answer 11

the growing, processing, and packaging of food produce C02 and other greenhouse gases. up to 10% of the UK s total greenhouse gas emissions in 2017 came directly from agriculture

transporting food from where it is grown it is grown to where it is sold also produces co2.  imported foods have to be transported a long way, so have many food miles and a large carbon footprint 

people are becoming aware of the environmental issues caused by transporting food over long distances. this is leading people to look for local sources of food, such as farmers markets, farm shops, and locally produced vegetable boxes

Question 12

• define Agribusiness

Answer 12

large-scale industrial farming where all processes, from the production of seeds and fertilisers to the processing and packaging of the food, are controlled by large firms

Question 13

• how has farming changed

Answer 13

farm sizes have increased- many small farms have been taken over and field sizes increased so that food can be produced more cheaply

the amount of chemicals used in food production has been increasing- large quantities of artificial fertilizers and pesticides are applied to crops, and animals are given special feed to encourage growth 

the number of workers employed in agriculture fell to just over 1.1% of the UKs total employment in 2017. this is partly because of the greater use of machinery

Question 14

• which areas in the uk have water surplus

Answer 14

the north and west of the uk have high rainfall. these are areas of water surplus

Question 15

• which areas have water defecit in the UK

Answer 15

the south east and the midlands have high population density. so there is a high demand for water. they are areas of water deficit

Question 16

• how is the demand for water in the uk increasing

Answer 16

since 1975 the amount of water used by households in the UK has gone up by about 70% . this is partly because people have more appliances that use lots of water

the uk population is predicted to increase by over 6 million people by 2040 to total nearly 73 million 

population densities are also changing- there are plants to build lits if new holmes in the south east there is already water deficit

Question 17

• what does water pollution cause

Answer 17

polluted or low-quality water reduces the amount available for use, putting pressure on water resources

Question 18

• how are the problems with river water in the uk

Answer 18

nitrates and phosphates from crop fertilizers are washed into rivers and groundwater

pollutants from vehicles are washed into water sources through runoff when it rains 

chemical and oil spills from factories can pollute local water sources and groundwater

Question 19

• where does the majority of southern englands water come from and what is the problem with this

Answer 19

up to 80% of water in parts of southern England come from groundwater, but pollution is affecting the water quality of nearly 50% of the groundwater used for public supply in the UK. many groundwater sources have closed or need expensive treatment to make them safe to use

Question 20

• what stratergies are there to manage water

Answer 20

strategies to manage water include

improving drainage systems

improving regulations on the amount and tyoes of fertilizers and pesticides used

Question 21

• how can we solve the supply and demand problem

Answer 21

one solution to the supply and demand problem is to transfer water from areas of surplus to areas of deficitl.

Question 22

• what variety of issues does water transfer cause

Answer 22

the dams and aqueducts that are needed are expensive to build

it can affect the wild life that lives in the rivers for example fish migration may be disrupted by dams  

there might be political issues for example, people may not want there water transfered elsewhere

Question 23

• what is the uks traditional energy supply

Answer 23

traditionally the uk has relied on fossil fuels to supply its energy. in 1970n22% of the uks energy was supplied by gas

Question 24

• how did the use of fossil fuels in the uk increase

Answer 24

the discovery of large gas reserves under the north sea meant that by 1980 22% of the uks energy was supplied by gas

Question 25

• what energy source did the UK shift to

Answer 25

recently there has been a shift away from burning fossil fuels and towards renewable energy sources. all coal-fired power stations are due to close by 2025 and in 2014 19% of all electricity in the UK was generated from renewable sources

Question 26

• what are the biggest renewable energy resources

Answer 26

wind and bioenergy are the buggest sources of renewable energy but the use of solar and hydroelectric power has also increased

Question 27

• how is the UK’s supply of coal oil and gas running out

Answer 27

north sea oil and gas reserves are being swiftly used up and production has been declining since 2000

the UK still has coal reserves but coal production has significantly decreased science the mid 20th century. there has been less demand due to an effort to reduce CO2 emissions, and the cost of mining the remaining reserves are increasing. the last deep coal mine in the UK closed in December 2015 

in the UK the use of shale gas from underground is being considered as a way of adding to resources its extracted using a process called fracking

Question 28

• what are the economic issues with the extraction of fossil fuels and the production of electricity

Answer 28

extracting fossil fuels can be expensive and the cost of extraction increases as reserves are used up

north sea oil is especially expensive to produce. if the price of oil on the world market drops it may cost more to produce than it can be sold for 

the cost to the consumer of electricity from nuclear and renewable energy sources is relatively high 

money is needed for research into alternative energy sources and for initial investment

domestic sources don't currently provide enough energy to meet demand so the UK has to pay to import energy from other countries

Question 29

• what are the environmental issues with the extraction of fossil fuels and the production of electricity

Answer 29

fracking may pollute groundwater and cause mini earthquakes

accidents such as oil spills or nuclear disasters can leak toxic chemicals into water sources, soils and the atmosphere 

natural ecosystems can be damaged by renewable energy generators like large wind farms or the tidal power project planned for Fleetwood in Lancashire 

power stations and wind farms are often considered to be eyesores