development and ageing - impact of environment on lifelong health Flashcards
what changes could fetus face in utero that might have lasting impact on its health
fetal infection in utero maternal nutrition maternal illness maternal stress maternal medication environmental factors/exposures
what are some biological influences on long term health and risk of disease
genetics
epigenetics
what are the social and environmental cues that have influence on long term health and risk of disease
environment family, neighbourhood, school nutrition - maternal and fetal social factors: behaviours, substance use, care giver behaviour health provisions
what is the barker hypothesis
idea that early life influences can be predictors/influencers of health status in adulthood
what were the conclusions of barkers testing
- Risk of coronary events was more strongly related to rate of change of childhood BMI than BMI attained at any particular age of childhood.
on average - adults who had a coronary event had been small at birth and thin at 2 years of age
therefore put on weigh rapidly
undernutrition in utero causes over nutrition as a child - what do we call this
increased risk of ‘metabolic syndrome’
in turn leads to increased risk of cardiovascular events
what does the DOHaD hypothesis stand for
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
what are epigenetics
heritable changes in marks on dna that do not change nucleotide sequence but influence how genes are expressed e.g switched on/off
what is the mechanism of DOHaD
idea of programming in utero
leads to epigenetic changes which influence development and physiology
what are some associations with early environmental exposures
cardiovascular disease type 2 dm lung disease cancer risk neurological, special sense and intellectual development allergic and auto immune diseases
what is the NHS healthy child programme
Aims to prevent disease and promote good health
- universal
- reduce health inequalities
what are some aspects of NHS healthy child programme
Health promotion - obesity prevention is key supporting care giving and care givers screening immunisation identification of high risk families/ additional support signposting accident prevention dental hygiene
what are the fundamentals of good screening test
should be able to identify early/before critical point treatable prevent/reduce morbidity/mortality acceptable/ easy to administer cost effective reproducible and accurate results
what are some examples of important early childhood screening
newborn check
newborn hearing screen
blood spot check
what is sure start aka children centres
government driven programme
aims to help support families with under 5 yr old children with low income households
parent and child education
health promotion
high level of investment in childrens community centres
