Cerebral vasculature

Question 1

what % of cardiac output does brain use

Answer 1

10-20%

Question 2

what % of o2 consumption does brain use

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

what % of liver glucose does brain use

Answer 3

66%

Question 4

what are the two sets of vessels supplying brain

Answer 4

internal carotid artery - comes through carotid canal

vertebral artery - comes through foramen magnum

Question 5

what do the two vertebral artery fuse to form

Answer 5

basillar artery

Question 6

what does basillar artery divide into

Answer 6

2 posterior cerebral arteries

Question 7

what is the main branch of the internal carotid artery

Answer 7

middle cerebral artery

Question 8

what is advantage of having circuit of vasculature in brain

Answer 8

theoretical chance of flow from other side

Question 9

how does blood drain from brain

Answer 9

from cerebral veins into venous sinuses in dura mater to internal jugular vein

Question 10

what is the fold of dura that passes down between two hemispheres

Answer 10

falx cerebri

Question 11

what is the name given to the sinus which comes straight down from brain into confluence of sinuses

Answer 11

vein of galen

Question 12

what sinus drains into internal jugular vein

Answer 12

sigmoid sinus

Question 13

what is an intracranial haemorrhage

Answer 13

bleeding within cranial cavity

Question 14

what are the 4 types of intracranial haemorrhage

Answer 14

extradural
subdural
subarachnoid
intracerebral

Question 15

what is an extradural haemorrhage

Answer 15

usually due to trauma e.g injury to pterion
immediate clinical affects
can strip dura away from skull - is an arterial bleed and causes high pressure
is a surgical emergency!

Question 16

what is a subdural haemorrhage

Answer 16

can be due to trauma
delayed clinical effects
venous bleed
lower pressure

Question 17

what are subarachnoid haemorrhages

Answer 17

found at circle of willis

ruptured aneurysyms

Question 18

what are intracerebral haemorrhages

Answer 18

found inside brain

spontaneous hypertensive

Question 19

what is another name for stroke

Answer 19

cerebrovascular accident

Question 20

what is the definition of a stroke

Answer 20

rapidly developing focal disturbance of brain function of presumed vascular origin and over 24hr duration

Question 21

what % of stroke is caused by thrombo embolic

Answer 21

85%

Question 22

what % of stroke is due to haemorrhage

Answer 22

15%

Question 23

what is a transient ischaemic attack

Answer 23

rapidly developing focal disturbance of brain function of presumed vascular origin and over 24hr duration

Question 24

what is an infarction

Answer 24

degenerative changes which occur following occlusion of artery

Question 25

what is cerebral ischaemia

Answer 25

lack of sufficient blood supply to nervous tissue resulting in permanent damage if blood flow is not restored quickly

Question 26

what is a thrombosis

Answer 26

formation of blood clot

Question 27

what is an embolism

Answer 27

plugging of small vessel by material carried from larger vessel e.h thrombi from heart/atherosclerotic debris

Question 28

what are some signs of stroke

Answer 28

impaired speech face lopsided cannot raise arms

Question 29

what are the risk factors for stroke

Answer 29

``` age hypertension cardiac disease smoking diabetes mellitus ```

Question 30

what can stroke in anterior cerebral artery cause

Answer 30

paralaysis of contralateral structures leg>face,arm disturbance of intellect, executive function and judgement (abulia) loss of appropriate behaviour

Question 31

what can stroke in posterior cerebral artery cause

Answer 31

visual deficits homonymous hemianopia visual agnosia

Question 32

what can stroke in middle cerebral artery cause

Answer 32

``` = classic stroke symptoms contralateral hemiplegia arm>leg contralateral hemisensory deficits hemianopia aphasia if left sided lesion ```