Designer Bicycle Flashcards
Terms and concepts
Distinction between Project and Facility
- Project
- Process of planning, designing, documenting, procuring, contracting, and constructing
- Goal of a Project is a facility
- Object of delivery process
- Delivery process itself
-
Facility
- Completed Project intended for a specific purpose and function
Quality of each Project is Unique
-
Quality is a balance between
- Extent (Scope)
- Cost (Budget)
- Time (Schedule)
- A change in one factor can affect the other two factors.
Facility Life Cycle: Design
The American Institute of Architects defines design as occurring in three distinct phases: schematic design, design development, and construction documents.
The Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee defines design in two phases: preliminary design and final design phase, which includes construction documents.
The Design-Build Institute of America defines design in two phases: schematic design and design development, which includes construction documents.
For this educational program, Design is defined as having two phases:
- Schematic Design, includes:
- Schematic drawings
- Preliminary project description
- Preliminary estimates
- Preliminary schedules
- Design Development, includes:
- Technical information
- Outline specifications
- Updated estimates
- Updated schedules
Design Phases (AIA)
- Schematic Design
- Design Development
- Construction Documents
Design Phases (EJCDC)
- Preliminary Design
- Final Design
Design Phases (DBIA)
- Schematic Design
- Design Development (includes Construction Documents)
Facility Life Cycle
Know the individual components of this chart and components of each phase. The PDPG is broken down into chapters following this process.
Project Conception
- Owner identifies need for a facility
- Identifies a site
- Completes planning activities to verify feasibility
- Develops a budget and secures financial resources
- Develops a facility space program
- Selects project delivery method
Design
- Schematic Design - Site plan and area relationships may be defined, the general size, shape, and massing of building elements are determined, elevations and exterior finishes established, and conceptual design criteria for structural, mechanical, and electrical systems identified. Written documents usually consist of preliminary project descriptions and preliminary cost projections.
- Design Development - The design development phase follows the owner’s approval of the schematic design and any necessary program or budget adjustments. The emphasis shifts from overall relationships and functions to more technical issues of constructability and integration of systems and components. Aesthetic concerns move from massing and arrangement to materials, surfaces, and details. Design development phase documents fix and describe the size and character of the entire project, including architectural, structural, mechanical, and electrical systems.
Construction Documents
The construction documents stage (referred to as the final design phase in engineering projects) is based on the owner-approved design development documents and any further adjustments in the scope of the project or the project budget. During this stage the A/E prepares documents that will be used to file for permits and approvals from AHJs and to obtain prices upon which a bid or a negotiated contract can be based.
- Detailed Drawings
- Plans, elevations, sections, details, schedules
- Specifications
- MasterFormat®
- Bidding requirements or procurement documents
- Revised cost projections
Procurement (Bidding/Negotiating/Purchasing)
Stage in the facility life cycle that allows the prospective contractor to examine bidding documents, visit the site, request clarifications and interpretations, propose substitutions, and finally, prepare a bid or price for executing the work. Acceptance of the contractor’s bid or negotiated sum and other conditions will result in award of contract and commencement of work.
- Project cost is updated
- Project is bid or negotiated
- Bid process depends on project delivery method selected
- Construction Contract is awarded
Construction
Stage in the facility life cycle where owner’s project is constructed. Involves cost estimating, procurement, coordination of construction activities, and the physical construction.
- Mobilization & Pre-Construction Activity
- Construction
- Project is constructed according to:
- Contract Documents
- Regulatory requirements
- Project is constructed according to:
- Construction Contract Administration, by the Architect
- Project Closeout
Facility Management
The longest stage in the facility life cycle when the facility is accepted and put into use by the owner for its intended purpose
- Longest stage in facility life cycle
- Commences with Substantial Completion
- Facility placed in service
- Facility Manager maintains and evaluates performance of project components
- Operations and maintenance procedures
Facility Life Cycle Project Conception Stage
Facility Life Cycle Project Conception Stage
- Project programmed, planned, or pre-designed by specialists
- Due diligence investigations
- Site selection
- Facility programming
- Facility performance criteria
- Anticipating cost of the Work
- Setting Project schedule
Facility Programming - Pena’s Problem Seeking
Facility Programming - Pena’s Problem Seeking
- Two phase process
- Schematic programming
- Program development
- Four considerations should be identified
- Function - What will happen in the Facility?
- Form - What will the Facility look and feel like?
- Economy - What is the Budget and Quality?
- Time - What will the Time be to achieve the Facility?
Facility Programming - Pena’s Problem Seeking
Facility Programming - Pena’s Problem Seeking
Five consecutive steps to programming process
- Establish Goals - What does the Owner want to achieve?
- Collect and Analyze Facts - What is known?
- Uncover and Test Concepts - How are goals achieved?
- Determine Needs - What is needed and how much will it cost?
- State the Problem - What is the direction the design should take?
Facility Life Cycle (CSI)
- Project Conception (by Owner)
- Design: Conceptual, Schematic & Design Development
- Construction Documents
- Procurement (Bidding/Negotiating/Purchasing)
- Construction
- Facility Management (by Owner)
Facility Life Cycle (AIA)
- Schematic Design
- Design Development
- Construction Documents
- Bidding or Negotiation
- Construction
Project Conception
- Activities:
- Transform the needs of the Owner into a clear concept that can be designed and built
- Feasibility studies
- Programming
- Site Selection
- Documents:
- Preliminary studies
- Surveys
- Reports of existing conditions
Schematic Design
- Purpose is to illustrate the general scope, scale, and relationship of components and to describe the type of construction and equipment proposed.
- Review and evaluate
- Owner’s Program
- Budget Requirements
- Alternative approaches
Schematic Design System Descriptions (initial phases)
- Initial Phases of a project require more broadly defined project Information
- PPDs usually used at the Schematic Design Phase
- Describe the scope and relationships of major project elements allowing the Owner and the A/E TEAM understand the various proposed components and systems
- Requires the Design Team to think through Design Decisions and document them in broad terms
- Emphasis on Systems Descriptions NOT actual materials
- Includes Performance Criteria
- Organized from ground up and outside in
Project Delivery Practice Guide:
9.4.3, 9.13.2, (Figure 10.2) 11.3.11.2
Schematic Design: Design Team Provides to Owner
Schematic Design: Design Team Provides to Owner:
– Conceptual design drawings, sketches, renderings.
– Site layout drawings
– Building size, shape, and massing
– Elevations and exterior materials
– Design alternatives
– Design criteria for building systems
– Preliminary Project Description (PPD)
– Preliminary estimating (Statements/Estimates of Probable Cost)
Schematic Design Documentation
(“Design Stage - Schematic Design Documentation”)
Schematic Design Documentation
- Focus on preliminary design concepts
- Sketches and drawings in more detail than conceptual documentation
- Physical or electronic models
- Preliminary project descriptions
Note that Owner’s Feasibility Study is not part of this phase and is completed as part of pre-design and planning phases.
Schematic Design Preliminary Project Description
PPD is a method of describing aspects of the Schematic Design in written form.
Information included:
- Design criteria in broad terms
- Should include information suitable for:
- Preliminary Cost Estimates
- Time Schedules
- Initial Value Analysis Studies
- Physical requirements of the project
- Tentative identification of systems and materials
- May include performance criteria and product descriptions
Design Stage - Schematic Design Activities
Design Stage - Schematic Design Activities (East Bay Study Group)
- Site plan and area relationships
- Spatial relationships and functional characteristics
- General size, shape, volume, massing of building elements
- Elevations and exterior finishes
- Basic information about structural and services
Design Stage – Schematic Design Documentation
Design Stage – Schematic Design Documentation
- Schematic Drawings
- Sketches, renderings, diagrams
- Conceptual
- Plans, elevations, sections
- Physical or electronic models
-
Preliminary project descriptions
- UniFormat
- Document basis for schedules and estimates
- Estimates of Probable Construction Cost
- Cost Projections
- Surveys, geotechnical data
Note that Owner’s Feasibility Study is not part of this phase and is completed as part of pre-design and planning phases.
Schematic Design PPD Format
Schematic Design PPD Format
PPD organizes major project elements, systems and subsystems in their basic construction sequence rather than individual products.
- UniFormat provides efficient organization for PPDs
- UniFormat can be expanded with MasterFormat suffix numbers to identify smaller components
Schematic Design PPD
Schematic Design PPD
- Document should include:
- Proposed design solutions and decisions made
- Serves as a master guide for project
- PPDs serve to:
- State A/E understanding of project delivery
- Inform Owner of design elements
- Describe systems
- Document basis for schedules and estimates
- Document decisions
- Provide reference point for subsequent decisions
Schematic Design System Descriptions (uniformat and elements)
Schematic Design System Descriptions (uniformat and elements)
- Uniformat addresses systems or assemblies instead of products (PDPG Figure 11.12):
- Element A – Substructure
- Element B – Shell
- Element C – Interiors
- Element D – Services
- Element E – Equipment and Furnishings
- Element F – Other Building Construction
- Element G – Building Sitework
- Element Z – General
Estimates of Probable Construction Cost
Estimates of Probable Construction Cost
Schematic Design estimates of probable construction cost may be formatted using UniFormat™ categories:
- Identify costs of major project elements
- Broad Estimate
Design Stage - Design Development Activities
Design Stage - Design Development Activities
- Size and character fixed
- Technical issues of constructability
- Integration of structural and services
- Definition of
- Materials
- Surfaces
- Details
- More precise and specific drawings
- Physical or electronic models
Design Stage - Design Development Documentation+
Design Stage - Design Development Documentation
- Schematic design transforms into more detail
- More precise and specific drawings (plans, elevations, sections, typ.
details) - Physical or electronic models (Design criteria, equipment layouts)
-
Outline specifications
- UniFormat or typically MasterFormat
- Revised cost projections
Construction Documents Stage
Facility Life Cycle Construction Documents
- Based on Owner approved design development documents
- Further adjusted scope
- Further adjusted budget
- Further adjusted schedule
- A/E Team prepares graphic and written documents
- Pricing
- Construction
Construction Documents Stage Activities
Construction Documents Stage Activities
- Depends on Project Delivery Method
- Defines following among parties
- Rights
- Responsibilities
- Relationships
- Graphic and written technical information necessary for procurement and construction
The project delivery methods covered in more details later. For example CM method will require multiple bid packages.
Construction Documents Stage Documentation
Construction Documents Stage Documentation
- Detailed Drawings
- Plans, elevations, sections, details, schedules
- Specifications
- MasterFormat®
- Bidding requirements or procurement documents
- Revised cost projections
Construction Documents Stage Documentation
Construction Documents Stage Documentation
- Drawings
- Specifications
- Procurement requirements
- Contracting requirements
The tower of power is an important graphic to review and be very familiar with the various components of each segment with in this tower.
Procurement Stage Activities
- Competitive bidding or contract negotiations
- Direct purchasing of goods & supplies
Procurement Stage Documentation
- Request for Proposal
- Purchase orders
- Addenda
- Bid
- Bid security
Construction Stage Activities
Construction Stage Activities
- Mobilization
- Construction
- Contract Administration
- Project Closeout
Construction Stage Documentation
Construction Stage Documentation
- Payment certificates
- Modifications
- Permits
- Schedules
- Shop Drawings
- Certificates
- Record documents
- Warranties
- Operation and Maintenance Data
Facility Management Stage Activities/Documentation
- Activities
- Commences with substantial completion
- Occupancy
- Operation/Maintenance
- Evaluation
- Repairs
- Documentation
- Maintenance records
- Post-occupancy reports or analysis
- Warranty service records
