Designer Bicycle Flashcards
Terms and concepts
Distinction between Project and Facility
- Project
- Process of planning, designing, documenting, procuring, contracting, and constructing
- Goal of a Project is a facility
- Object of delivery process
- Delivery process itself
-
Facility
- Completed Project intended for a specific purpose and function
Quality of each Project is Unique
-
Quality is a balance between
- Extent (Scope)
- Cost (Budget)
- Time (Schedule)
- A change in one factor can affect the other two factors.
Facility Life Cycle: Design
The American Institute of Architects defines design as occurring in three distinct phases: schematic design, design development, and construction documents.
The Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee defines design in two phases: preliminary design and final design phase, which includes construction documents.
The Design-Build Institute of America defines design in two phases: schematic design and design development, which includes construction documents.
For this educational program, Design is defined as having two phases:
- Schematic Design, includes:
- Schematic drawings
- Preliminary project description
- Preliminary estimates
- Preliminary schedules
- Design Development, includes:
- Technical information
- Outline specifications
- Updated estimates
- Updated schedules
Design Phases (AIA)
- Schematic Design
- Design Development
- Construction Documents
Design Phases (EJCDC)
- Preliminary Design
- Final Design
Design Phases (DBIA)
- Schematic Design
- Design Development (includes Construction Documents)
Facility Life Cycle
Know the individual components of this chart and components of each phase. The PDPG is broken down into chapters following this process.
Project Conception
- Owner identifies need for a facility
- Identifies a site
- Completes planning activities to verify feasibility
- Develops a budget and secures financial resources
- Develops a facility space program
- Selects project delivery method
Design
- Schematic Design - Site plan and area relationships may be defined, the general size, shape, and massing of building elements are determined, elevations and exterior finishes established, and conceptual design criteria for structural, mechanical, and electrical systems identified. Written documents usually consist of preliminary project descriptions and preliminary cost projections.
- Design Development - The design development phase follows the owner’s approval of the schematic design and any necessary program or budget adjustments. The emphasis shifts from overall relationships and functions to more technical issues of constructability and integration of systems and components. Aesthetic concerns move from massing and arrangement to materials, surfaces, and details. Design development phase documents fix and describe the size and character of the entire project, including architectural, structural, mechanical, and electrical systems.
Construction Documents
The construction documents stage (referred to as the final design phase in engineering projects) is based on the owner-approved design development documents and any further adjustments in the scope of the project or the project budget. During this stage the A/E prepares documents that will be used to file for permits and approvals from AHJs and to obtain prices upon which a bid or a negotiated contract can be based.
- Detailed Drawings
- Plans, elevations, sections, details, schedules
- Specifications
- MasterFormat®
- Bidding requirements or procurement documents
- Revised cost projections
Procurement (Bidding/Negotiating/Purchasing)
Stage in the facility life cycle that allows the prospective contractor to examine bidding documents, visit the site, request clarifications and interpretations, propose substitutions, and finally, prepare a bid or price for executing the work. Acceptance of the contractor’s bid or negotiated sum and other conditions will result in award of contract and commencement of work.
- Project cost is updated
- Project is bid or negotiated
- Bid process depends on project delivery method selected
- Construction Contract is awarded
Construction
Stage in the facility life cycle where owner’s project is constructed. Involves cost estimating, procurement, coordination of construction activities, and the physical construction.
- Mobilization & Pre-Construction Activity
- Construction
- Project is constructed according to:
- Contract Documents
- Regulatory requirements
- Project is constructed according to:
- Construction Contract Administration, by the Architect
- Project Closeout
Facility Management
The longest stage in the facility life cycle when the facility is accepted and put into use by the owner for its intended purpose
- Longest stage in facility life cycle
- Commences with Substantial Completion
- Facility placed in service
- Facility Manager maintains and evaluates performance of project components
- Operations and maintenance procedures
Facility Life Cycle Project Conception Stage
Facility Life Cycle Project Conception Stage
- Project programmed, planned, or pre-designed by specialists
- Due diligence investigations
- Site selection
- Facility programming
- Facility performance criteria
- Anticipating cost of the Work
- Setting Project schedule
Facility Programming - Pena’s Problem Seeking
Facility Programming - Pena’s Problem Seeking
- Two phase process
- Schematic programming
- Program development
- Four considerations should be identified
- Function - What will happen in the Facility?
- Form - What will the Facility look and feel like?
- Economy - What is the Budget and Quality?
- Time - What will the Time be to achieve the Facility?
Facility Programming - Pena’s Problem Seeking
Facility Programming - Pena’s Problem Seeking
Five consecutive steps to programming process
- Establish Goals - What does the Owner want to achieve?
- Collect and Analyze Facts - What is known?
- Uncover and Test Concepts - How are goals achieved?
- Determine Needs - What is needed and how much will it cost?
- State the Problem - What is the direction the design should take?
Facility Life Cycle (CSI)
- Project Conception (by Owner)
- Design: Conceptual, Schematic & Design Development
- Construction Documents
- Procurement (Bidding/Negotiating/Purchasing)
- Construction
- Facility Management (by Owner)
Facility Life Cycle (AIA)
- Schematic Design
- Design Development
- Construction Documents
- Bidding or Negotiation
- Construction
Project Conception
- Activities:
- Transform the needs of the Owner into a clear concept that can be designed and built
- Feasibility studies
- Programming
- Site Selection
- Documents:
- Preliminary studies
- Surveys
- Reports of existing conditions
Schematic Design
- Purpose is to illustrate the general scope, scale, and relationship of components and to describe the type of construction and equipment proposed.
- Review and evaluate
- Owner’s Program
- Budget Requirements
- Alternative approaches
Schematic Design System Descriptions (initial phases)
- Initial Phases of a project require more broadly defined project Information
- PPDs usually used at the Schematic Design Phase
- Describe the scope and relationships of major project elements allowing the Owner and the A/E TEAM understand the various proposed components and systems
- Requires the Design Team to think through Design Decisions and document them in broad terms
- Emphasis on Systems Descriptions NOT actual materials
- Includes Performance Criteria
- Organized from ground up and outside in
Project Delivery Practice Guide:
9.4.3, 9.13.2, (Figure 10.2) 11.3.11.2
Estimates of Probable Construction Cost
Estimates of Probable Construction Cost
Schematic Design estimates of probable construction cost may be formatted using UniFormat™ categories:
- Identify costs of major project elements
- Broad Estimate
Construction Documents Stage Documentation
Construction Documents Stage Documentation
- Drawings
- Specifications
- Procurement requirements
- Contracting requirements
The tower of power is an important graphic to review and be very familiar with the various components of each segment with in this tower.
