Clemon's Workbook 2018 Flashcards
8.1 Project Conception
Project conception is the stage of the facility life cycle in which the project is planned and is characterized by the following activities:
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
Project conception requires:
- A clear understanding of project values and goals, which become the basis of many decisions
- Specialists in concept development who can prioritize the values and goals, integrate them with the facts provided by preliminary studies, and make recommendations
Project conception is the stage of the facility life cycle in which the project is planned and is characterized by the following activities:
- Due diligence investigations
- Site selection
- Facility programming
- Facility performance criteria
- Anticipating the cost of the work
- Setting the project schedule
Important
Project Conception.
The stage in the facility life cycle in which owner’s project requirements are determined, and other requirements are developed, and all compiled into a program
Activities:
- Transform the needs of the Owner into a clear concept that can be designed and built
- Feasibility studies
- Programming
- Site Selection
Documents:
- Preliminary studies
- Surveys
- Reports of existing conditions
(PDPG 2.2)
Feasibility and impact studies and facility evaluations
8.2.5 While envisioning the future facility as the beginning of a project, the owner may conduct a series of due diligence investigations to determine its viability.
Due diligence investigations are essentially steps for the________subsequent involvement of specialists who________ and________the owner’s requirements through________.
Due diligence investigations are essentially steps for the preparatory subsequent involvement of specialists who evaluate and summarize the owner’s requirements through programming.
8.2.2.1 Financial Studies
Financial studies should provide the owner with a clear understanding of the financial restrictions affecting the project’s size and material requirements by evaluating the following:
- Owner’s Financial Condition. An evaluation will reveal the extent of the owner’s__________monetary resources.
- Life Cycle Cost. __________and__________cost and expenses should be analyzed.
- Value of Existing Facilities. Describes options for__________ a new facility or determining the extent of__________to an existing facility.
- Available Funding. The extent of funding the owner is able to secure affects the__________and__________of the project.
- Timing is especially important in securing funds, such as the following:
- __________
- __________
- __________
- __________
- __________
- __________
- Owner’s Financial Condition. An evaluation will reveal the extent of the owner’s present monetary resources.
- Life Cycle Cost. Operational and maintenance cost and expenses should be analyzed.
- Value of Existing Facilities. Describes options for constructing a new facility or determining the extent of modifications to an existing facility.
- Available Funding. The extent of funding the owner is able to secure affects the size and characteristics of the project.
- Timing is especially important in securing funds, such as the following:
- Bank loans
- Philanthropic donations
- Government grants
- Private investment
- Venture capital
- Tax and bond issues
From Key Terms
Financial Studies.
Evaluates the various economic aspects of an owner’s vision. If the vision is not financially viable, the project will probably not be feasible with modification. Includes evaluating the following:
- Owner’s financial condition
- Life cycle cost
- Value of existing facilities
- Available funding
- Timing
(PDPG 8.2.2.1)
8.3.8 Community Impact Studies
The feasibility of a project is directly related to the impact it will have on the project site and surrounding community. Community impact studies address:
- __________ __________ and__________ __________impact the infrastructure, including transportation systems, utilities, and other services.
- __________. Effect on users, employees, suppliers, and customers; effect of downtime; mobility of key employees; cost; availability of a trained workforce.
- __________. A project involving renovations or additions can have a measurable impact on the owner’s existing operations and may affect the project scheduling and project cost.
- __________. A major facility may play a significant role in the local economy, for both taxes and employment.
- __________. A project site may be in a sensitive area and require a study to evaluate the effects the project will have on local wetlands, wildlife, surface runoff, drainage, and certain buffer zones or green‐space requirements.
The feasibility of a project is directly related to the impact it will have on the project site and surrounding community. Community impact studies address:
- Public facilities and utilities impact impact the infrastructure, including transportation systems, utilities, and other services.
- Relocation. Effect on users, employees, suppliers, and customers; effect of downtime; mobility of key employees; cost; availability of a trained workforce.
- Operations. A project involving renovations or additions can have a measurable impact on the owner’s existing operations and may affect the project scheduling and project cost.
- Economic impact. A major facility may play a significant role in the local economy, for both taxes and employment.
- Environmental impact. A project site may be in a sensitive area and require a study to evaluate the effects the project will have on local wetlands, wildlife, surface runoff, drainage, and certain buffer zones or green‐space requirements.
From Key Terms
Community Impact Studies.
The feasibility of a project is directly related to the impact it will have on the project site and surrounding community. A proposed development or project may affect public facilities and utilities, which may need to be modified to accommodate the impact of the project. Includes:
- Operations
- Relocation
- Environmental impact
- Public facilities and utilities impact
- Economic impact
(PDPG 8.3.8)
8.3 Site Studies
Site studies are a series of __________ __________ by specialists to determine a site’s __________ for its intended purposes throughout its life cycle.
The site will need to be surveyed to obtain information on the __________, __________, __________ __________ , as well as the __________ __________.
8.3 Site Studies
Site studies are a series of coordinated investigations by specialists to determine a site’s suitability for its intended purposes throughout its life cycle.
The site will need to be surveyed to obtain information on the topography, easements, site utilities, as well as the property lines.
From Key Terms
Site Studies.
Site studies are a key activity of the project conception stage. Site studies are a series of coordinated investigations by specialists to determine a site’s suitability for a facility.
These include:
- Environmental studies
- Hazardous material evaluation
- Topography and site conditions
- Geotechnical investigations
- Utilities
- Easements
- Archeological Studies
- Community impact studies
- Surrounding conditions
(PDPG 8.3)
8.3.1 Environmental Issues
An environmental study that evaluates the site should reveal whether a potential site is __________ or __________, which will greatly affect its usefulness for a project and future value. Sites that have been contaminated with chemicals by previous owners may be referred to as __________.
Environmentally problematic sites will affect project cost, project schedule, and the latitude the owner has in adapting it for the project. One of the most significant aspects of sustainability is how the design and construction of facilities should be conducted in the physical environment. Areas of environmental concern that may require study include the following:
- Soil erosion, waterway sedimentation, and __________ during construction activities
- Environmental impact of facilities on a site
- __________of development, including the use of existing facilities
- Sites contaminated with dangerous chemicals and hazardous materials
- Reduction of the use of__________by using other forms of transportation, vehicles fueled by alternative energy types, and higher parking densities
- Preservation of __________ and promotion of __________
- Pollution from and management of storm water runoff containing __________
An environmental study that evaluates the site should reveal whether a potential site is contaminated or environmentally sensitive, which will greatly affect its usefulness for a project and future value. Sites that have been contaminated with chemicals by previous owners may be referred to as brownfields.
Environmentally problematic sites will affect project cost, project schedule, and the latitude the owner has in adapting it for the project. One of the most significant aspects of sustainability is how the design and construction of facilities should be conducted in the physical environment. Areas of environmental concern that may require study include the following:
- Soil erosion, waterway sedimentation, and airborne dust during construction activities
- Environmental impact of facilities on a site
- Density of development, including the use of existing facilities
- Sites contaminated with dangerous chemicals and hazardous materials
- Reduction of the use of automobiles by using other forms of transportation, vehicles fueled by alternative energy types, and higher parking densities
- Preservation of natural resources and promotion of biodiversity
- Pollution from and management of storm water runoff containing contaminants
8.3.2 Hazardous Material Surveys
Structures built before 1970 may reveal materials that are presently considered health hazards with emerging environmental acts and regulations, including petroleum wastes, underground fuel tanks, or toxic chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and refrigerants in abandoned equipment. Hazardous material surveys reveal the type and extent of these materials.
8.3.4 Geotechnical Investigations
Geotechnical investigations provide information on the following:
- __________
- __________
- __________
- __________
Geotechnical investigations provide information on the following:
- Hidden, subsurface conditions
- Soil types and its stability
- Underground streams
- Water‐level problems
8.3.7 Archeological Surveys
Public entities often require archeological surveys before construction can start. Any coastal site or river floodplain and many urban sites may have historic or prehistoric artifacts that require the input of an archeologist; other parts of the country may have artifacts from Native Americans.
(PDPG 8.3.7)
8.2.8 Existing Facility Evaluations
If an existing facility will be part of the project concept, an investigation will help determine its suitability for adaption to the owner’s needs and goals; such evaluation may include the following:
- ____________________________
- ____________________________
The actual purchase price of the site may be the primary component; however, other ser vices involving fees are required to complete this process, such as the following:
- Real estate fees, which are typically included in the purchase price of sites “for sale” or may be paid by the seller in attempts to acquire a site. Government or public agencies may require other techniques for site acquisition. Fair market values determined by certified appraisers or other means of valuation may be required by local law. Difficult sites required for public use may eventually lead to condemnation or even rights of eminent domain.
- An environmental impact statement or report should be completed. If a site is purchased before determining the project’s requirements, all of the owner’s objectives may not be achievable.
8.2.3 Choosing a site is an important consideration for a facility; it should be located in a setting that is __________, __________, and __________ to the purpose for the facility. A/Es often assist an owner with the __________ , __________, __________, and __________ of a site. Before a site is acquired, the owner should be convinced the property will be suitable for the facility, and the only way to make this determination is by performing studies of various kinds. The necessary studies should be performed to justify the acquisition.
Choosing a site is an important consideration for a facility; it should be located in a setting that is conducive, suitable, and fitting to the purpose for the facility. A/Es often assist an owner with the search, evaluation, selection, and acquisition of a site. Before a site is acquired, the owner should be convinced the property will be suitable for the facility, and the only way to make this determination is by performing studies of various kinds. The necessary studies should be performed to justify the acquisition.
8.2.3 Location
Location is a universal attribute of successful projects of all types. The real estate cliché “ __________, __________, __________” is an accurate characterization for locating facilities.
Key attributes related to site location include:
- Natural features
- Public utilities and services
- Economic resources
- Access to transportation infrastructure
- Human resources
- Proximity to cultural magnets
Location is a universal attribute of successful projects of all types. The real estate cliché “location, location, location” is an accurate characterization for locating facilities.
Key attributes related to site location include:
- Natural features
- Public utilities and services
- Economic resources
- Access to transportation infrastructure
- Human resources
- Proximity to cultural magnets
8.4.2 Land Development Regulations
State legislatures are empowered to__________ cities, villages counties, or townships with the__________to establish, manage, and enforce land development control regulations. Zoning is one of the most common land development regulations.
State legislatures are empowered to enable cities, villages counties, or townships with the authority to establish, manage, and enforce land development control regulations. Zoning is one of the most common land development regulations.
8.3.9 Surrounding Conditions
Local economic and social conditions should be considered while selecting potential sites, as they will have significant effects on the owner’s operations, both immediately and in the long run.
8.2.3 Other Site Concerns
__________ is a key factor in the decision to remodel or relocate existing facilities.
Marketability is a key factor in the decision to remodel or relocate existing facilities.
8.3.10 Acquisition and Purchase
Most purchase agreements related to site or facility acquisition involve two steps:
- The buyer submits an offer. The conditions of the offer are based on receiving information from an evaluation of the site or facility that satisfies the buyer’s requirements.
- On the basis of receiving a favorable evaluation that favors the buyer’s requirements, the purchase is completed.
8.2.2.3 Project Budget
Once the functional needs (the program) have been established by the owner, and the preliminary studies have been collected and analyzed, a project budget can be formulated.
Examine Figure 8.1 and understand the relationship between time and cost as the project progresses through its various phases.
The __________ budget should not be confused with the __________ budget.
The project budget is composed of hard costs (tangible components of the completed project) and soft costs (all other items).
Hard costs include the following:
__________
Soft costs include the following:
__________
The project budget should not be confused with the construction budget.
Hard costs include the following:
- Site‐related costs
- Construction
- Furniture, furnishings, and equipment
Soft costs include the following:
- Due diligence studies, programming, and master planning
- Project design fees
- Commissioning
- Jurisdictional fees
- Relocation
- Terminating leases on existing facilities
- Terminating rental agreements on existing facilities
