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PPQ Learning > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Management for individuals who have severe acne + scarring, who have tried combined topical treatment with oral AB and had no effect?

A

Refer to dermatology
Oral isotretinoin should be considered

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2
Q

What is the dimple sign associated with?

A

Dermatofibromas (common benign fibrous nodules)

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3
Q

Grave’s disease + peau d’orange?

A

Pretibial myxoedema

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4
Q

What is pellegra?

A

Vitamin B3 deficiency

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5
Q

What is the presentation of pellegra?

A

4 D’s
Diarrhoea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death

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6
Q

What drug can induce pellegra?

A

Isoniazid

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7
Q

What is erthema ab igne ?

A

Rash caused by hot water bottles or open fire (infrared radiation)

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8
Q

What bacteria causes molluscum?

A

Poxvirus

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9
Q

What should you use in moderate-severe acne?

A

Topical adapalene + topical benzoyl peroxide
Topical tretinoin + topical clindamycin
Topical adapalene + benzoyl peroxide + oral lymecycline or doxy
Topical azelaic acid + oral lymecycline or doxy

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10
Q

1st line for chronic plaque psoriasis?

A

Topical potent corticosteroid + vitamin D analogue

2nd line: vitamin D analogue twice daily
3rd line: coal tar preparation once daily

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11
Q

What is pityriasis versicolour?

A

Fungal infection
-Light patches on trunk, can be mildly pruritic

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12
Q

Slow growing lesion on sun exposed skin?

A

Bowen’s disease

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13
Q

Treatment of Bowen’s disease?

A

Topical 5-Fluorouracil

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14
Q

Presentation of lichen planus?

A

5 P’s : planus

Purple
Pruritic
Papular
Polgonal rash

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15
Q

Painful skin condition causing multiple abscesses over areas containing apocrine sweat glands?

A

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

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16
Q

Where is venous ulcer typically found?

A

Above medial malleolus

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17
Q

Management of venous ulceration?

A

Compression bandaging
Oral pentoxyfylline (peripheral vasodilator) improves healing rate

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18
Q

Causative organism of eczema herpeticum?

A

HSV
Uncommonly coxsackie virus

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19
Q

Treatment of rosacea?

A

Topcial ivermectin + oral doxy = first line for severe papules/pustules

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20
Q

Features suggestive that a lipoma could be liposarcoma?

A

Size >5cm
Increasing size
Pain
Deep anatomical location

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21
Q

If a patient has lots of cold sores recently for the first time what are they at risk of?

A

Eczema herpeticum (HSV-1)

Punched out vesicular lesions

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22
Q

Dermatophyte nail infections management?

A

Oral terbinafine

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23
Q

Patient with dermatitis in acral, peri-prificial and perianal distriution?

A

Zinc deficiency

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24
Q

What drugs can exacerbate plaque psoriasis?

A

Beta blockers

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25
Q

Treatment of impetigo?

A

Topical fusidic acid if hydrogen peroxide not suitable

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26
Q

Treatment for pityriasis versicolor?

A

Topical ketoconazole

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27
Q

Treatment for facial hirsuitism?

A

Topical eflornithine

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28
Q

Is pregnancy and topical isotretinoin okay?

A

NoPe

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29
Q

Diagnose this skin condition:

A 72-year-old man is investigated for weight loss. On examination he is deeply jaundiced and cachectic. He also has a dark velvety lesion coating his tongue. What do we think he’ll have?

A

Acanthosis Nigricans

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30
Q

What could trigger the growth of a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Traumaaaa

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31
Q

What type of tumour would you find on the sole of the foot or under a nail?

A

Amelanotic melanoma

32
Q

Scaly papular rash 2 weeks post URTI, what is it likely?

A

Guttate Psoriasis

33
Q

What is Toxic epidermal necrolysis and what drugs are highly associated with it?

A

Extensive, blistering, and necrotic rash

-Phenytoin
-Sulphonamides
-Allopurinol
-Penicillins
-Carbamazepine
-NSAIDs

34
Q

Uncircumcised man with tight white ring around tip of the foreskin + phimosis?

A

Lichen sclerosis

35
Q

Long term treatment of psoriasis?

A

Calcipotriol

36
Q

Treatment of lichen planus?

A

Potent topical steroids (topical clobetasol)

37
Q

Treatment for keloid scarring?

A

Intra-lesional steroids

38
Q

Treatment of acne vulgaris in pregnancy?

A

Oral erythromycin + topical azelaic acid

39
Q

What do you use to assess the extent of a burn?

A

Wallace’s rule of 9’s

Head + neck = 9%
Each arm = 9%
Each anterior part of leg = 9%
Each posterior part of leg = 9%
Anterior chest = 9%
Posterior chest = 9%
Anterior abdomen = 9%
Posterior abdomen = 9%

40
Q

What rash can primary herpes infection lead to?

A

Erythema multiforme

41
Q

No mucosal involvement in blistering rash in elderly person?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

42
Q

If a dermal burn has blanching erythema what does that indicate?

A

A more superficial dermal burn

If it were more deep , you would expect it not to blanch due to dermal vessel damage and extravasation of blood

43
Q

Mild/moderate acne treatment?

A

12 week course of topical combo therapy

44
Q

Moderate to severe acne treatment?

A

12 week course of
-Topical adapalene + topical benzoyl peroxide
-Topic tretinoin + topical clindamycin
-Topical adapalene + topical benzoyl peroxide + oral lymecycline/doxy
-Topical azelaic acid + oral lymecycline/doxycycline

45
Q

Should you use erythromycin in pregnancy?

A

Yesss (psych made you think)

46
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

AI blistering disorder associated with coeliac disease
Caused by deposition of IgA in the dermis

47
Q

Treatment of rosacea with predominant flushing + limited telangiectasia?

A

Brimonidine gel

48
Q

Treatment of rosacea for patients with papules and/or pustules?

A

Topical ivermectin + oral doxy

49
Q

Best way to assess burns area for giving a patient fluids?

A

Lund and Browder chart

50
Q

If simple analgesia and neuropathic analgesia aren’t working in shingles what can you give?

A

Corticosteroids (but only for acute)

51
Q

Target lesions?

A

Erythema multiforme

52
Q

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis thought to be due to?

A

A reaction to malassezia furfur

53
Q

Treatment of athlete’s foot?

A

Topical miconazole

54
Q

Treatment of lice?

A

Malathion

55
Q

Treatment of acintic keratosis?

A

Diclofenac
5-Fluroouracil
Imiquimod

56
Q

What is erysipelas

A

Localised skin infection caused by strep pyogenes

Treat with fluclox

57
Q

What is the benefit of giving antivirals in shingles?

A

Reduces the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia

58
Q

What should you advise when prescribing steroids topiclaly in psoriasis?

A

Breaks of 4 week sbetween courses

59
Q

Risk most associated with Psoralen +UVA therapy (PUVA)?

A

SCC

60
Q

Acne bacteria?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

61
Q

Adults with burns greater than ____% of their body will require IV Fluids?

A

15%

62
Q

How are fluids calculated for burns?

A

Parkland formula = vol of fluid = TBSA of burn % x weight (kg) x 4

63
Q

What type of burns should be transferred to burns unit?

A

Complex burns
Burns involving hand, perineum and face
>10% in adults and >5% in kids

64
Q

What conditions can predispose to pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

IBD
RA
SLE
Myeloproliferative
Lymphoma
Myeloid leukaemias
Monoclonal gammopathy
GWPA
Primary biliary cirrhosis

65
Q

What do antibodies target in bullous pemphigus?

A

Desmosomes

Antibodies target desmoglein 3

66
Q

What condition do antibodies attack the basement membrane in?

A

Pemphigoid

67
Q

Demographics of pemphigus + features?

A

Younger people
Flaccid, easily ruptured vesicles and bullae
Mucosal ulceration

68
Q

What condition is vitiligo associated with?

A

Alopecia arreat

69
Q

Patient with acute onset erythematous papules/plaques + fine scaling, preceeded by streptococcal infection?

A

Guttate psoriasis

70
Q

Treatment of eczema herpeticum?

A

IV antivirals

71
Q

Treatment for shingles?

A

Oral antiviral within 72 hours of onset

1st line: Oral Famciclovir or valacyclovir
2nd line: Oral aciclovir

72
Q

Who are keloid scars most common in?

A

Black men

73
Q

What causes oedema post-burn?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

-Loss of plasma proteins from burn wound and reduced synthesis due to liver dysfunction

Albumin crucial for maintaining oncotic pressure within vascular system

74
Q

Intensely itchy rash on palms and soles of feet?

A

Pomphylox

75
Q

What cell is involved in allergic contact dermatitis?

A

T lymphocytes

(delayed type IV reaction)

76
Q
A

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