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PPQ Learning > Child Health > Flashcards

Child Health Flashcards

1
Q

Physical features of achondroplasia?

A

Trident hands
Short limbs
Lumbar lardosis
Midface hypoplasia

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2
Q

Causative organism for croup?

A

Parinfluenza virus

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3
Q

What is William’s syndrome?

A

Neurodevelopmental disorder caused by microdeletion on chromosome 7

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4
Q

Features of William’s?

A

Elfin like facies
Friendly and social
LD
Short stature
Transient neonatal hypercalcaemia
Supravalvular aortic stenosis

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5
Q

If a girl has haemophilia what else do you think she has?

A

TURNER’S SYNDROME

Because it is X-linked recessive, if a girl is symptomatic that should raise alarm bells (Turner’s only have one X- chromosome)

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6
Q

7 features of DDH?

A

7 F’s
-First born
-Female
-Fat (macrosomia)
-Fair (caucasian)
-Feet (breech)
-F*ck all Fluid (oligohydraminos) (none)
-Family (Fam Hx)

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7
Q

What does this baby have?
-Retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma, encephalopathy

A

Shaken baby syndrome

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8
Q

If a child has dyskinetic cerebal palsay which area of the brain is affected?

A

Basal ganglia
Substantia nigra
(These areas are involved with regulating voluntary movement and posture)

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9
Q

Sausage shaped mass in abdomen?

A

Intussusception

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10
Q

What does gastroschisis refer to?

A

Defect lateral to umbilicus

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11
Q

What does omphalocele refer to?

A

Defect in umbilicus itself

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12
Q

Why is diabetes a risk factors for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Insulin (increased in diabetic mothers) inhibits surfactant production and maturation of fetal lungs

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13
Q

First MMR vaccine given when?

A

12-13 months
Then
3-4 as booster

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14
Q

Which genetic defect puts a child more at risk of developing acute lymphocytic leukaemia?

A

Down’s syndrome

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15
Q

What heart condition is associated iwth Turner’s

A

Bicuspid valve
(ejection systolic murmur)

However Aortic dissection is the most serious associated heart condition

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16
Q

Achondroplasia has what inheritance pattern?

A

AD

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17
Q

Supravalvular aortic stenosis makes you think what?

A

Williams syndrome

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18
Q

What age do kids ask what and who Qs? (milestones wise)

A

3 years

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19
Q

What age do they ask why when and how Qs?

A

4 years

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20
Q

CXR Findings in transient tachnypnoea of the newborn?

A

Hyperinflation and fluid in horizontal fissue

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21
Q

Drug for child nocturnal eneuresis?

A

Desmopresin

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22
Q

If a man has mitochondrial genetic disease what is the likelihood that his children will inherit it?

A

0%
Mitochondrial always passed down mother’s line

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23
Q

Parallel aorta and pulmonary trunk on echo is indicative of what?

A

Transposition of great arteries

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24
Q

What do you give in transposition of great arteries?

A

Prostaglandin E1 to maintain ductus arteriosus

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25
Treatment of paediatric malrotation with volvulus?
Ladd's procedure (division of Ladd bands and widening of base of mesentery)
26
A child aged <3 months with a fever >38 degrees should be assessed as what?
HIGH RISK : same day paeds assessment
27
Good pincer grip time?
12 months
28
Causes of microcephaly?
Normal Familial Congenital infection Perinatal brain injury Fetal alcohol Patau syndrome Craniosynostosis
29
Cap BG of <1mmol/L is characterised as what in a neonate and what is needed to be done?
VERY LOW Paeds team review IV dextrose infusion
30
Newborn baby base line levels?
HR:100-160 RR: 30-60 Temp: 37 degrees
31
What is the organism causing threadworms?
Enterobius vermicularis
32
Sit without support timeline for kids milestones?
6-8 months
33
Pavlik's harness is for what?
DDH NOT Perthes boyyyyyyyy
34
Child older than 6 with Perthes?
Surgical correction
35
Screening newborns for heraing problems test?
Otoacoustic emission test >>> Impendance audiometry testing if this is failed
36
What is the best predictor or clinical severity and cyanosis in tetralogy of fallot?
Degree of pulmonary stenosis
37
Most common cause of ambiguous genetalia?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
38
Genetic anticipation occurs in which disorders?
Trinucleotide repeat disorders -Huntington's -Myotonic dystrophy -Fragile X -Friedreich's ataxia -Spinocerebellar ataxia -Spinobulbar msucular atrophy -Dentatorubral pallidouysian atrophy
39
Right atrial hypertrophy and septal and posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve attached to right ventricle? What is this?
Ebstein's anomaly
40
Huntington's inheritance?
AD
41
What do all breech babies at or after 36 weeks gestation require post natally and when exactly?
USS For DDH screening 6 weeks
42
Investigation for intussusception?
Abdo US
43
Visible peristalsis makes you think what in a baby?
Pyloric stenosis
44
1st line investigation for DDH?
Child <4.5 months USS
45
Diagnosing DDH in a child >4.5 months?
X-ray
46
Cause of Ebstein's anomaly?
Lithium in pregnancy
47
When is hand preference a concerning sign in a child?
When they have it before 12 months: cerebral palsy possibly
48
What genetic disorder has these features?
LD Large low set ears Macroorchidism Hypotonia Autism Mitral valve prolapse
49
Newborn resuscitation guidelines recommended compressions and ventilations at a rate of what?
3:1
50
If a child has sus mycoplasma pneumonia what do you want to give?
Macrolide Erythromycin
51
Name the syndrome: - Microcephalic, small eyes -Cleft lip/palate -Polydactyly -Scalp lesions
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
52
Name the syndrome: -Micrognathia -Low set ears -Rocker bottom feet -Overlapping of fingers
Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
53
Micrognathia?
Lower jaw is smaller than normal
54
Name the syndrome: - LD -Macrocephaly -Long face -Large ears -Macro-orchidism
Fragile X
55
Name the syndrome: -Webbed neck -Pectus excavatum -Short stature -Pulmonary stenosis
Noonan syndrome
56
Name the syndrome: -Hypotonia -Hypogonadism -Obesity
Prader Willi syndrome
57
Name the syndrome: -Short stature -LD -Friendly, extroverted -Transient neonatal hypercalcaemia -Supravalvular aortic stenosis
William's syndrome
58
Name the syndrome: -Characteristic cry due to larynx and neurological problems -Feeding difficulties and poor weight gain -LD -Microcephaly -Hypertelorism (eyes v far apart)
Cri du char syndrome
59
When is heel prick test performed?
Between 5th and 9th day of life
60
What does heel prick test screen for?
Sickle cell CF Congenital hypothyroidism PKU MCADD
61
Forceful, projectile vomiting "like a fountain"? + what invgX?
Pyloric stenosis Abdo USS
62
When are bowlegs normal in kids?
3 and below Should resolve by 4
63
Management of intussesception?
Air insufflation InVgX with US (target like mass)
64
<5 years old child with asthma that is on SABA but not controlled yet?
Paediatric low-dose inhaled corticosteroid
65
>5 years old child with poorly controlled asthma on SABA, step up management?
Paediatric moderate dose ICS
66
RFs for neonatal hypoglycaemia?
Preterm birth Maternal DM IUGR Hypothermia Neonatal sepsis Inborn errors of metabolism
67
Chronic constipation in kids treatment?
Lifestyle/fluid advice Movicol
68
Investigation for reflux nephropathy?
Micturating cystography
69
What are pyloric stenosis features?
Projectile, non-bile stained vomit at 4-6 weeks of life
70
If a baby is premature how do you work out their adjusted milestones?
The corrected premmy baby age is Age - number of weeks born early from 40 weeks
71
Methylphenidate SE?
Stunted growth
72
When does infantile colic usually resolve by?
6 months
73
Management of SUFE?
Internal fixation
74
What inheritance is prader willi an example of?
Imprinting -Genotype depends on whether the deletion occurs on a gene inherited from the mother or father -Prader Willi if gene deleted from father -Angelman if gene deleted from mother
75
Just in case meds for febrile seizures?
Buccal midazolam Rectal Diazepam
76
What makes an innocent murmur?
Soft Systolic Short Symptomless Standing/sitting (vary with position)
77
What is starbismus?
Squint
78
Atopic eczema distribution in a 10 month old?
Face and trunk Areas most exposed to environmental allergens and irritants
79
Criteria for immediate paediatric head CT?
-Loss of consciousness more than 5 minutes -Amnesia -Abnormal drowsiness -3 or more discrete episodes of vomiting -Clinical sus of NAI -GCS 14> or baby under 1 GCS <15 -Sus of open or depressed skull injury -Basal skull fracture signs -Focal neurological deficit -If under 1 year presence of bruising, swelling or lac of more than 5cm on head -Dangerous mechanism of injury
80
Name the congenital heart defect based on murmur: Pansystolic murmur in lower left sternal border?
Ventricular septal defect
81
Name the congenital heart defect based on murmur: Crescendo-decrescendo murmur in upper left sternal border?
Coarctation of the aorta
82
Name the congenital heart defect based on murmur: Diastolic machinery murmur in upper left sternal border
Patent ductus arteriosus
83
Name the congenital heart defect based on murmur: Ejection systolic murmur in the upper left sternal border
Pulmonary stenosis
84
Kawasaki disease MgX?
High dose aspirin Single dose IV immunoglobulins
85
Which family history disease would be expected sometimes with Hirschsprungs?
MEN 2A/B
86
Common condition associated with Duchenne MD?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
87
A loud S2 + prominent RV impulse palpable on examination?
Transposition of great arteries
88
Surgery for paediatric intestinal malrotation with volvulus?
Ladd's procedure
89
What is elevated in biliary atresia?
Conjugated bilirubin
90
ABG of pyloric stenosis?
Elevated bicarb Hypocholraemia Hypokalaemia
91
InvgX for sus Meckel's diverticulum?
Technetium scan
91
VSD common risk of developing what?
Endocarditis
92
When is MenB vaccine given?
2, 4 and 12-13 months
93
When is hypospadias surgery typically performed?
12 months of age
94
Nec Enterocolitis invgX?
Abdo X-ray
95
Fragile X is associated with which cardio complication?
Mitral valve prolapse
96
Clicky hip in newborn screening Investigation and differential?
USS (newborns bones are soft, and USS is less radiation) DDH
97
What is their loss of in SCFE?
Loss of internal rotation of the leg in flexion
98
Constipation in children management?
Osmotic laxative >>>>>>>>>>> Stimulant laxative but only once stools are soft
99
What is in the 6 in 1 vaccination?
Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis Polio HiB Hep B
100
When would a child start playing alongside other kids?
2 years
101
Acyanotic congenital heart diseases?
VSD ASD Patent ductus arteriosus Coarctation of the aorta Aortic valve stenosis
102
Cyanotic congenital heart diseases?
Tetralogy of fallot Transposition of the great arteries Tricuspid atresia
103
Which bony prominence is Osgood Schlatter at?
Tibial tuberosity
104
Poor-feeding, grunting, lethargy. What should you consider?
Neonatal sepsis
105
Causes of neonatal hypotonia?
Neonatal sepsis Werdnig Hoffman disease Hypothyroidism Prader-willi
106
What is NICE guideline on vomtiing and CT post head injury in kids?
3 or more vomits, CT within an hour
107
What age do febrile seizures cease?
5 years old
108
What cyst does this describe? Multioculated Heterogenous Located above hyoid
Dermoid
109
Soft, trans-illuminating cyst in posterior triangle?
Cystic hygroma
110
Name that cyst: Lateral cyst, ancehoic appearance on US?
Branchial cyst
111
InvgX for SUFE?
Hip x-ray
112
Sus Perthe's disease in 5 y/o boi investigation?
MRI scan
113
Webbed neck + pectus excavatum + short _ Pulmsten?
Noonan syndrome
114
Men B is given when?
2, 4, and 12 months
115

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