Anatomy Learning Flashcards
Muscles of mastication are supplied by what?
CN V3
Muscles of mastication?
Temporalis (close)
Masseter (close)
Medial pterygoid (close)
Lateral pterygoid (open)
Nerve supply of superior 1/2 of oral cavity?
CN V2
Inferior 1/2 of oral cavity supplied by what?
CN V3
Orbicularis oris supplied by what?
CN VII
Salivary glands?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
CN IX supplies what part of tongue and what use is that?
CN IX
Taste / general sensation
CN VII supplies what function and bit of tongue?
Anterior 2/3
CN VII: Taste
Anterior 2/3 of tongue supplied for general sensation by?
CN V3
Intrinsic muscle of tongue?
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
(All innervated by CNXII except palatoglossus)
What nerve innervated palatoglossus?
CN X
Filiform papillae do what?
Just touch and temperature NO taste buds
Look nice picture yay
What spinal level is thyroid?
C6
Where does oesophagus pass through diaphragm?
T10
Way to remember spinal levels of oesophagus, IVC and Aorta?
I ate 10 Eggs At 12
IVC: T8
Esophagus: T10
Aorta: T12
Vena cava: 8 letters
Oesophagus: 10 letters
Aortic hiatus: 12 letters
Look and learn this Abdo CT so you’re a good Doctor who understands things :)
Layers of digestive tract wall?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia
What layer are circular muscles part of in digestive tract wall? Plus their role
Muscularis externa layer
They length and narrow the lumen
Longitudinal muscles job and where they are in digestive tract wall?
Muscularis externa
Shorten and widen digestive tract
Muscularis mucosa is part of which layer?
Mucosa
Muscle layers in upper portion of oesophagus?
Striated skeletal muscles
Muscles in lower 2/3 of oesophagus?
Smooth muscle
What is peristalsis?
Wave of relaxation followed by contraction triggered by gut wall distension
What nervous system controls peristalsis?
Enteric nervous system
What type of cool cells are in Plexus?
Interstitial cells of cajal (pacemaker cells)
Muscle action in peristalsis?
Behind bolus:
-Circular muscle contracts/longitudinal relaxes
Infront of bolus: -
-Circular muscle relaxes/longitudinal contracts
What is the peritoneum?
Continuous membrane lining abdominal cavity
Peritoneal cavity?
Space between visceral and parietal peritoneum
Examples of intraperitoneal organs and what that means?
Covered in visceral peritoneum, minimally mobile
Liver, GB, stomach, spleen, transverse colon, small bowel, appendix
Retroperitoneal organ examples and what that means?
Only has visceral peritoneum on anterior surface, no mobility
Kidneys, pancreas, ascending and descending large bowel
Organs with mesentary: what does this mean and give examples?
Visceral peritoneum wraps around organ to form double layer, very mobile
Small bowel, transverse and sigmoid colon
Omentum is what?
Fold of visceral peritoneum
What pouch does a male have?
Recto-vesicular pouch
What pouch/pouches do females have?
Recto-uterine
Vesico-uterine pouch
Pouch of douglas is what?
Recto-uterine
Abdo wall is innervated how?
Somatic sensory nerves
Somatic motor nerves
Sympathetic nerve fibres
Abdo cavity organs innervation?
Visceral afferents
Enteric nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympath and parasymp are what type of nerves?
Motor
Visceral and afferent nerves are what type?
Sensory nerves
Explain how appendicitis pain works?
Visceral afferent nerves from appendicitis cause general pain in epigastric region
THEN
Appendix becomes more inflamed and parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall becomes involved
Abdominal wall muscles superficial to deep?
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Draw the sections of abdomen (9 quadrants/nonodrants)
Organs of foregut?
Oesophagus
Liver
GB
Spleen
1/2 pancreas
Spinal level of foregut?
T6-T9
Organs of midgut?
D2 to proximal 2/3 transverse colon
1/2 pancreas
Organs of hindgut?
Distal 1/3 transverse colon
Proximal 1/2 anal canal
Spinal level of hingut?
T12-L2
Vertebral level of midgut?
T8-T12
What embryological section are the coeliac axis, splenic vein adn coeliac lymph nodes in?
Foregut
Midgut vasculature and lymphs?
SMA
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric lymph nodes
IMA is in what part of abdomen?
Hindgut
WHat vasculature is in hindgut?
IMA
IMV
IM lymph nodes
Areas of stomach?
Fundus (top curve)
Cardia (Big bit of the kidney bean)
Body (middle bit of kidney bean)
Pylorus (end of kidney bean)
Secretagogues in HCL secretion?
ACh
Gastrin
Histamine
Vomiting centre where?
Medulla
Blood supply to stomach all comes from where?
Coeliac trunk
Lesser curvature of stomach blood supply?
R/L gastric arteries
R/L gastro-omental arteries supply what?
Greater curvature of stomach
Small bowel components?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Where does duodenum begin?
Pyloric sphincter
What gland is involved in neutralizing acidic chyme?
Brunner’s gland in submucosa of duodenum
Pancreas secretes what?
Digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, TAG lipase)
Alkaline fluid
What breaks down large lipids?
Bile salts
Which part of pertoneum are jejunum and ileum?
Intraperitoneal
Where does jejunum begin?
Duodenaljejunal junction
Vertebrae L2
As you move distal through ileum what happens to mucosa?
Becomes smoother
Less folds (plicae circularis)
What are the lymph tissues in the iluem called?
Peyer’s patches (aggregates of lymph tissue)
Where does coeliac trunk arise?
T12
Midgut organs pain is usually felt where?
Umbilical region
How to remember order of small bowel organs
DJ Ileum
Fat soluble vitamins?
A D E K
Which trunk supplies foregut organs?
Celiac trunk
The common hepatic artery does what to become what?
Common hepatic artery gives off Gas (Gastroduodenal artery) to become proper hepatic artery
What do you call the anastomamoses between IMA and SMA?
Marginal artery of Drummond
Can help prevent intestinal ischaemia
What darins blood from hindgut?
IMV
SMV drains what?
Midgut
Splenic vein drains what?
Foregut
Splenic vein drains into? And that drains in to?
HPV
IVC
