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PPQ Learning > Anatomy Learning > Flashcards

Anatomy Learning Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of mastication are supplied by what?

A

CN V3

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2
Q

Muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis (close)
Masseter (close)
Medial pterygoid (close)
Lateral pterygoid (open)

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3
Q

Nerve supply of superior 1/2 of oral cavity?

A

CN V2

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4
Q

Inferior 1/2 of oral cavity supplied by what?

A

CN V3

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5
Q

Orbicularis oris supplied by what?

A

CN VII

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6
Q

Salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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7
Q

CN IX supplies what part of tongue and what use is that?

A

CN IX
Taste / general sensation

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8
Q

CN VII supplies what function and bit of tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3
CN VII: Taste

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9
Q

Anterior 2/3 of tongue supplied for general sensation by?

A

CN V3

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10
Q

Intrinsic muscle of tongue?

A

Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus

(All innervated by CNXII except palatoglossus)

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11
Q

What nerve innervated palatoglossus?

A

CN X

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12
Q

Filiform papillae do what?

A

Just touch and temperature NO taste buds

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13
Q
A

Look nice picture yay

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14
Q

What spinal level is thyroid?

A

C6

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15
Q

Where does oesophagus pass through diaphragm?

A

T10

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16
Q

Way to remember spinal levels of oesophagus, IVC and Aorta?

A

I ate 10 Eggs At 12

IVC: T8
Esophagus: T10
Aorta: T12

Vena cava: 8 letters
Oesophagus: 10 letters
Aortic hiatus: 12 letters

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17
Q

Look and learn this Abdo CT so you’re a good Doctor who understands things :)

A
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18
Q

Layers of digestive tract wall?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia

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19
Q

What layer are circular muscles part of in digestive tract wall? Plus their role

A

Muscularis externa layer
They length and narrow the lumen

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20
Q

Longitudinal muscles job and where they are in digestive tract wall?

A

Muscularis externa
Shorten and widen digestive tract

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21
Q

Muscularis mucosa is part of which layer?

A

Mucosa

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22
Q

Muscle layers in upper portion of oesophagus?

A

Striated skeletal muscles

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23
Q

Muscles in lower 2/3 of oesophagus?

A

Smooth muscle

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24
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wave of relaxation followed by contraction triggered by gut wall distension

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25
Q

What nervous system controls peristalsis?

A

Enteric nervous system

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26
Q
A
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27
Q

What type of cool cells are in Plexus?

A

Interstitial cells of cajal (pacemaker cells)

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28
Q

Muscle action in peristalsis?

A

Behind bolus:
-Circular muscle contracts/longitudinal relaxes
Infront of bolus: -
-Circular muscle relaxes/longitudinal contracts

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29
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Continuous membrane lining abdominal cavity

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30
Q

Peritoneal cavity?

A

Space between visceral and parietal peritoneum

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31
Q

Examples of intraperitoneal organs and what that means?

A

Covered in visceral peritoneum, minimally mobile

Liver, GB, stomach, spleen, transverse colon, small bowel, appendix

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32
Q

Retroperitoneal organ examples and what that means?

A

Only has visceral peritoneum on anterior surface, no mobility

Kidneys, pancreas, ascending and descending large bowel

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33
Q

Organs with mesentary: what does this mean and give examples?

A

Visceral peritoneum wraps around organ to form double layer, very mobile

Small bowel, transverse and sigmoid colon

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34
Q

Omentum is what?

A

Fold of visceral peritoneum

35
Q

What pouch does a male have?

A

Recto-vesicular pouch

36
Q

What pouch/pouches do females have?

A

Recto-uterine
Vesico-uterine pouch

37
Q

Pouch of douglas is what?

A

Recto-uterine

38
Q

Abdo wall is innervated how?

A

Somatic sensory nerves
Somatic motor nerves
Sympathetic nerve fibres

39
Q

Abdo cavity organs innervation?

A

Visceral afferents
Enteric nervous system
Autonomic nervous system

40
Q

Sympath and parasymp are what type of nerves?

A

Motor

41
Q

Visceral and afferent nerves are what type?

A

Sensory nerves

42
Q

Explain how appendicitis pain works?

A

Visceral afferent nerves from appendicitis cause general pain in epigastric region

THEN

Appendix becomes more inflamed and parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall becomes involved

43
Q

Abdominal wall muscles superficial to deep?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis

44
Q

Draw the sections of abdomen (9 quadrants/nonodrants)

A
45
Q

Organs of foregut?

A

Oesophagus
Liver
GB
Spleen
1/2 pancreas

46
Q

Spinal level of foregut?

A

T6-T9

47
Q

Organs of midgut?

A

D2 to proximal 2/3 transverse colon
1/2 pancreas

48
Q

Organs of hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon
Proximal 1/2 anal canal

49
Q

Spinal level of hingut?

A

T12-L2

50
Q

Vertebral level of midgut?

A

T8-T12

51
Q

What embryological section are the coeliac axis, splenic vein adn coeliac lymph nodes in?

A

Foregut

52
Q

Midgut vasculature and lymphs?

A

SMA
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric lymph nodes

53
Q

IMA is in what part of abdomen?

A

Hindgut

54
Q

WHat vasculature is in hindgut?

A

IMA
IMV
IM lymph nodes

55
Q

Areas of stomach?

A

Fundus (top curve)
Cardia (Big bit of the kidney bean)
Body (middle bit of kidney bean)
Pylorus (end of kidney bean)

56
Q

Secretagogues in HCL secretion?

A

ACh
Gastrin
Histamine

57
Q

Vomiting centre where?

A

Medulla

58
Q

Blood supply to stomach all comes from where?

A

Coeliac trunk

59
Q

Lesser curvature of stomach blood supply?

A

R/L gastric arteries

60
Q

R/L gastro-omental arteries supply what?

A

Greater curvature of stomach

61
Q

Small bowel components?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

62
Q

Where does duodenum begin?

A

Pyloric sphincter

63
Q

What gland is involved in neutralizing acidic chyme?

A

Brunner’s gland in submucosa of duodenum

64
Q

Pancreas secretes what?

A

Digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, TAG lipase)
Alkaline fluid

65
Q

What breaks down large lipids?

A

Bile salts

66
Q

Which part of pertoneum are jejunum and ileum?

A

Intraperitoneal

67
Q

Where does jejunum begin?

A

Duodenaljejunal junction
Vertebrae L2

68
Q

As you move distal through ileum what happens to mucosa?

A

Becomes smoother
Less folds (plicae circularis)

69
Q
A
70
Q

What are the lymph tissues in the iluem called?

A

Peyer’s patches (aggregates of lymph tissue)

70
Q

Where does coeliac trunk arise?

A

T12

70
Q

Midgut organs pain is usually felt where?

A

Umbilical region

71
Q

How to remember order of small bowel organs

A

DJ Ileum

72
Q

Fat soluble vitamins?

A

A D E K

73
Q

Which trunk supplies foregut organs?

A

Celiac trunk

74
Q

The common hepatic artery does what to become what?

A

Common hepatic artery gives off Gas (Gastroduodenal artery) to become proper hepatic artery

75
Q

What do you call the anastomamoses between IMA and SMA?

A

Marginal artery of Drummond

Can help prevent intestinal ischaemia

76
Q

What darins blood from hindgut?

A

IMV

77
Q

SMV drains what?

A

Midgut

78
Q

Splenic vein drains what?

A

Foregut

79
Q

Splenic vein drains into? And that drains in to?

A

HPV
IVC

80
Q
A
81
Q
A

PPQ Learning (30 decks)

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