Dementia Flashcards
Dementia
a syndrome of general loss of cognitive functions and significant functional deterioration
Alzheimers associated with what pathological findings
Beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
Huntington disease genetics
CAG repeats on chromosome 4
- Paranoia, impulsivity, memory loss, etc…
- Characteristic butterfly pattern on neuroimaging
- Autosomal dominant
Known genetic factors of DAT?
ApoE4, chromosome 19
Also chromosomes 1 and 4 and 21 (trisomy 21)
Distribution of DAT lesions
Cortical radiations of cholinergic neurons especially in the hippocampus and parietal lobes
Early signs of DAT
short term memory loss, confusion, inability to sequence, learn or recognize
Things to be aware of regarding vascular dementia include
small infarcts, variable stepwise deterioration
Huntingtos lesions found where
Caudate lobe
Huntington’s syptoms
Paranoia, impulsive dyscontrol, memory loss, psychosis and chorea… think of a paranoid an dimpulsive woody guthrie
Parkinson’s lesions where
Basal ganglia….due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
Lewy Body Dementia
Similar to parkinson’s but spares the temporal areas…Note that parkinson’s and Lewy Body Dementia both feature Lewy Bodies
Pick’s disease lesions found where
Frontal and Temporal Lobe
{Pick’s disease characteristics
major loss of social skills, poor insight, poor hygiene
Thiamine deficiency (vitamin B deficiency) is caused by what
Usually a result of alcoholism or poor nutrition
Thiamine deficiency causes what
- Specifically, deterioration of the mamillary bodies
- Early acute stage - Wiernicke’s encephalopathy which is reversible with treatment
- Later korsakoff’s psychosis- irreversible severe loss of short term memory
