definitionss contrastiva

Question 1

activity

Answer 1

action that can go on for an indefinite period of time

Question 2

achievement:

Answer 2

action that occurs instantaneously

Question 3

continua

Answer 3

the action is presented as permanent

Question 4

iterativa

Answer 4

the action is presented as repeated/habitual

Question 5

progresiva

Answer 5

the action is presented as in progress

Question 6

argument

Answer 6

a referring expression that points to an entity in the extra-linguistic world

Question 7

predicator

Answer 7

makes the most specific contribution to the meaning of a sentence

Question 8

dummy it

Answer 8

has little or no meaning whose only role is place filler

Question 9

tense

Answer 9

grammatical category realized by a verb inflection

Question 10

lexical aspect

Answer 10

points to the meaning that a verb has

Question 11

non-epistemic

Answer 11

associated with an entity impacting on another entity’s actions/behaviour

Question 12

agent

Answer 12

performs the action

Question 13

experiencer

Answer 13

experience/are affected by an emotion

Question 14

patient

Answer 14

undergoing the effect of some action/a change of state

Question 15

beneficiary

Answer 15

benefited by the action

Question 16

goal

Answer 16

place or entity to which the movement is oriented

Question 17

source

Answer 17

place/entity where the movement originates

Question 18

location

Answer 18

place where the action is located

Question 19

instrument

Answer 19

element with which the action is carried out

Question 20

theme

Answer 20

entity moved by the action / has a property ascribed to it

Question 21

recipient

Answer 21

directly receives something

Question 22

indefinite article

Answer 22

there’s more than one entity that can satisfy the description. It usually introduces a new entity

Question 23

middle voice

Answer 23

allows the subject of a sentence to be nono-agentive but the morphology of the verb in the active voice

Question 24

motion

Answer 24

expression of movement

Question 25

path

Answer 25

trajectory followed by the Figure

Question 26

figure

Answer 26

movable object

Question 27

ground

Answer 27

reference object

Question 28

manner

Answer 28

motion that naturally occurs considering the figure

Question 29

middle voice

Answer 29

is a grammatical construction that’s a mix of active and passive voice. It’s passive semantically, with the action performed on the subject but the verb has active morphology.

Question 30

unergative vs ergative verbs

Answer 30

unergative: the subject has the theta role of Agent
ergative: the subject has the theta role of Theme. Can be both transitive and intransitive. It has no agency. The subject can become the object in causative constructions. eg: the door opened - he opened the door

Question 31

overt subject

Answer 31

explicit subject (SHE is reading)

Question 32

caso nominativo

Answer 32

es una marca de función del sujeto. Es decir, los pronombres personales pueden ser sujetos si están en caso nominativo (ej. “yo”), a diferencia de los pronombres acusativos/objetivos, por ejemplo “me”.

Question 33

sujeto pro vs pro arbitario

Answer 33

pro: no referencial. eg: Nevó ayer

pro arbitario: argumental pero con referencia indefinida y no especifica. eg: te llamaron por telefono esta tarde

Question 34

irrealis mood form

Answer 34

eg: he were in love with her
this “were” is a mood form, it it conveys varying degrees of remoteness from factuality. p-19

Question 35

pronombres tonicos

Answer 35

pronouns that are marked, that appear in nominative cases or in oblique cases.
ej: yo, nosotras, ellos

Question 36

pronombres atonos

Answer 36

or clitic → they are subdivided into “oblicuos” (lo,la,los,las,les) and “reflexivos” (se reflexivo)

acusativos: no me entienden
dativos: me duelen las manos

Question 37

semantic content

Answer 37

Semantic content is the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences in a language. It’s the information and ideas that are communicated through language, and how they relate to each other.

Question 38

sintagma nominal

Answer 38

(el perro de san roque) no tiene rabo

Question 39

concord rule

Answer 39

agreement between the subject and the verb in the sentence
eg: the past subjunctive breaks the concord rule of the indicative m.