definitionss contrastiva Flashcards
activity
action that can go on for an indefinite period of time
achievement:
action that occurs instantaneously
continua
the action is presented as permanent
iterativa
the action is presented as repeated/habitual
progresiva
the action is presented as in progress
argument
a referring expression that points to an entity in the extra-linguistic world
predicator
makes the most specific contribution to the meaning of a sentence
dummy it
has little or no meaning whose only role is place filler
tense
grammatical category realized by a verb inflection
lexical aspect
points to the meaning that a verb has
non-epistemic
associated with an entity impacting on another entity’s actions/behaviour
agent
performs the action
experiencer
experience/are affected by an emotion
patient
undergoing the effect of some action/a change of state
beneficiary
benefited by the action
goal
place or entity to which the movement is oriented
source
place/entity where the movement originates
location
place where the action is located
instrument
element with which the action is carried out
theme
entity moved by the action / has a property ascribed to it
recipient
directly receives something
indefinite article
there’s more than one entity that can satisfy the description. It usually introduces a new entity
middle voice
allows the subject of a sentence to be nono-agentive but the morphology of the verb in the active voice
motion
expression of movement
path
trajectory followed by the Figure
figure
movable object
ground
reference object
manner
motion that naturally occurs considering the figure
middle voice
is a grammatical construction that’s a mix of active and passive voice. It’s passive semantically, with the action performed on the subject but the verb has active morphology.
unergative vs ergative verbs
unergative: the subject has the theta role of Agent
ergative: the subject has the theta role of Theme. Can be both transitive and intransitive. It has no agency. The subject can become the object in causative constructions. eg: the door opened - he opened the door
overt subject
explicit subject (SHE is reading)
caso nominativo
es una marca de función del sujeto. Es decir, los pronombres personales pueden ser sujetos si están en caso nominativo (ej. “yo”), a diferencia de los pronombres acusativos/objetivos, por ejemplo “me”.
sujeto pro vs pro arbitario
pro: no referencial. eg: Nevó ayer
pro arbitario: argumental pero con referencia indefinida y no especifica. eg: te llamaron por telefono esta tarde
irrealis mood form
eg: he were in love with her
this “were” is a mood form, it it conveys varying degrees of remoteness from factuality. p-19
pronombres tonicos
pronouns that are marked, that appear in nominative cases or in oblique cases.
ej: yo, nosotras, ellos
pronombres atonos
or clitic → they are subdivided into “oblicuos” (lo,la,los,las,les) and “reflexivos” (se reflexivo)
acusativos: no me entienden
dativos: me duelen las manos
semantic content
Semantic content is the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences in a language. It’s the information and ideas that are communicated through language, and how they relate to each other.
sintagma nominal
(el perro de san roque) no tiene rabo
concord rule
agreement between the subject and the verb in the sentence
eg: the past subjunctive breaks the concord rule of the indicative m.
