definitionss contrastiva Flashcards

1
Q

activity

A

action that can go on for an indefinite period of time

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2
Q

achievement:

A

action that occurs instantaneously

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3
Q

continua

A

the action is presented as permanent

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4
Q

iterativa

A

the action is presented as repeated/habitual

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5
Q

progresiva

A

the action is presented as in progress

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6
Q

argument

A

a referring expression that points to an entity in the extra-linguistic world

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7
Q

predicator

A

makes the most specific contribution to the meaning of a sentence

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8
Q

dummy it

A

has little or no meaning whose only role is place filler

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9
Q

tense

A

grammatical category realized by a verb inflection

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10
Q

lexical aspect

A

points to the meaning that a verb has

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11
Q

non-epistemic

A

associated with an entity impacting on another entity’s actions/behaviour

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12
Q

agent

A

performs the action

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13
Q

experiencer

A

experience/are affected by an emotion

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14
Q

patient

A

undergoing the effect of some action/a change of state

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15
Q

beneficiary

A

benefited by the action

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16
Q

goal

A

place or entity to which the movement is oriented

17
Q

source

A

place/entity where the movement originates

18
Q

location

A

place where the action is located

19
Q

instrument

A

element with which the action is carried out

20
Q

theme

A

entity moved by the action / has a property ascribed to it

21
Q

recipient

A

directly receives something

22
Q

indefinite article

A

there’s more than one entity that can satisfy the description. It usually introduces a new entity

23
Q

middle voice

A

allows the subject of a sentence to be nono-agentive but the morphology of the verb in the active voice

24
Q

motion

A

expression of movement

25
path
trajectory followed by the Figure
26
figure
movable object
27
ground
reference object
28
manner
motion that naturally occurs considering the figure
29
middle voice
is a grammatical construction that's a mix of active and passive voice. It's passive semantically, with the action performed on the subject but the verb has active morphology.
30
unergative vs ergative verbs
unergative: the subject has the theta role of Agent ergative: the subject has the theta role of Theme. Can be both transitive and intransitive. It has no agency. The subject can become the object in causative constructions. eg: the door opened - he opened the door
31
overt subject
explicit subject (SHE is reading)
32
caso nominativo
es una marca de función del sujeto. Es decir, los pronombres personales pueden ser sujetos si están en caso nominativo (ej. “yo”), a diferencia de los pronombres acusativos/objetivos, por ejemplo “me”.
33
sujeto pro vs pro arbitario
pro: no referencial. eg: Nevó ayer pro arbitario: argumental pero con referencia indefinida y no especifica. eg: te llamaron por telefono esta tarde
34
irrealis mood form
eg: he were in love with her this "were" is a mood form, it it conveys varying degrees of remoteness from factuality. p-19
35
pronombres tonicos
pronouns that are marked, that appear in nominative cases or in oblique cases. ej: yo, nosotras, ellos
36
pronombres atonos
or clitic → they are subdivided into “oblicuos” (lo,la,los,las,les) and “reflexivos” (se reflexivo) acusativos: no me entienden dativos: me duelen las manos
37
semantic content
Semantic content is the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences in a language. It's the information and ideas that are communicated through language, and how they relate to each other.
38
sintagma nominal
(el perro de san roque) no tiene rabo
39
concord rule
agreement between the subject and the verb in the sentence eg: the past subjunctive breaks the concord rule of the indicative m.