Contrastiva - 2do cuatri

Question 1

Meaning components + definition
(Talmy)

Answer 1

Motion: expression of movement
Path: trajectory followed by figure
Figure: movable object
Ground: reference object
- Medium
- Source
- ???
Manner
Cause
Telicity

Question 2

Propositions can be …. + definition
(Talmy)

Answer 2

the core meaning of a sentence
Non-agentive: the rock rolled down the hill
Self-agentive: I ran my way down the stairs
Agentive: I slid the keg into the storeroom

Question 3

Path phrase can be …
(Aske)

Answer 3

Telic: it predicates an end-of-path location or state of the Figure. eg: Pat swam into the cave
One-dimensional: It adds the location in which the activity took place. eg. Lou ran in the park|

Question 4

Binary typology of language

Answer 4

• Satellite-framed languages: verbs conflated with motion and manner. eg: The teacher tiptoed into the classroom
• Verb-framed language: motion verbs conflated with motion and path. eg: la profesora entró al aula en puntas de pie

Question 5

Satellites: definition + examples of only sat and only preps

Answer 5

the grammatical category of any constituent that’s in a sister relation to the verb root.
only satellites: together, apart, forth, away, back
only prepositions: of, from, toward, as

Question 6

verb complex

Answer 6

verb root + satellite

Question 7

Aspect (definition)

Answer 7

it indicates manner, quantity, intention, etc

Question 8

Salience (definition + principles + examples)

Answer 8

the degree to which a component of meaning emerges into the foreground of attention or forms part of the semantic background.
4 principles:
- backgrounding according to constituent type: a meaning component is backgrounded by expression anywhere in the verb complex. Elsewhere, is foregrounded.
- ready expression under backgrounding: when a concept is backgrounded it tends to be more colloquial, less awkard.
- low cognitive cost of extra info under backgrounding: when a concept is backgrounded, its informational content can be included in a sentence with low cognitive cost
- ready inclusion of extra info under backgrounding: a language can pack more info into a sentence where it can express that info in a backgrounded fashion.

examples:
I went by plane to Hawaii last month → foregrounded (more usual in Spanish)
I flew to Hawaii last month → backgrounded (more usual in English)

Question 9

clause chaining vs clause compact

Answer 9

clause chaining: more than one verb-root
clause compact: only 1 verb-root