definitions B1-really important for SAQ Flashcards
anaemia
a condition where HB con.c and RBC mass is decreased for the age and sex of the individual, associated with tissue hypoxia and low O2 carrying capacity
thalassaemia
genetically heterogenous disorder by germline mutation that reduce synthesis of either alpha-globin or beta-globin leading to anaemia, tissue hypoxia and rbc haemolysis
sickle cell disease
heridatary haemoglobinopathy caused by point mutation in beta globin that promotes polymerization of deoxygenated Hb leading to RBC destruction,Heamolytic anaemia, microvascular obstruction and ischemic tissue damage
leukemia
a grp of disorders due to acc of malignant WBC in the BM and blood
carcinogenesis
transformation of normal cells to neoplastic cells causing permanent genetic alterations
carcinogen
an environmental agent participating in the causation of tumors
angiogenesis
sprouting of new vessels fr pre-existing vasculature
metastasis
spread of tumor fr a primary site n its establishment at a distant secondary location
pagetoid infiltration
invasion of upper epidermis from below
cachexia
a hypercatabolic state with severe weight loss and debility of a cancer pateint
apoptosis
a pathway of cell death induced by a tightly regulated suicide program where cells destined to dies activate intrinsic enzymes that degrade cell’s own nuclear DNA and cytoplasmic proteins
acute inflammation*
response of vascularized tissues that deliver leukocytes n molecules of host defense fr the circulation to the sites of infection n cell damage in order to eliminate offenfing agents
chronic inflammation
response of prolonged duration in which inflammation,tissue injury and attempts at repair coexist in varying combinations
granuloma*
a form of chronic inflammation characterzied by colection of activated macrophages,often with T lymphocytes,sometimes associated with necrosis
necrosis
a pathological process that is the consequence of severe injury
