Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Family med > deck 34 > Flashcards

deck 34 Flashcards

1
Q

initial therapy for atrial fibrillation due to hyperthyroidism

A

beta-blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

potassium in patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

A

1) pts have a total body potassium deficit (glucose induces osmotic diuresis which sucks potassium out) (same is true for DKA)
2) problem with this is that insulin can abruptly lower serum potassium levels and cause severe hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

common cause of hypocalcemia in alcoholics

A

hypomagnesemia (causes decreased release of PTH and PTH resistance).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

other impt cause of hypercalcemia

A

prolonged immobilization (due to increased osteoclastic activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

treatment of hypercalcemia 2/2 immobilization

A

bisphosphonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

problem with pulse ox for CO poisoning

A

may appear normal because it can’t differentiate carboxyhemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

exam finding suggesting CO poisoning

A

bright cherry lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

thyroid tumor and elevated calcitonin?

A

medullary thyroid cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

next step after medullary thyroid cancer is diagnosed

A

screen for pheochromocytoma prior to thyroidectomy with plasma fractionated metanephrine assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

diabetes and polyneuropathy pathophys

A
  • microvascular injury + demyelination + oxidative stress + deposition of glycosylation end products
  • this leads to a length-dependent axonopathy
  • clinical features depend on the type of nerve fibers involved
  • small fiber injury is characterized by positive symptoms (pain, paresthesias, allodynia)
  • large fiber involvement is characterized by predominance of negative symptoms (numbness, loss of proprioception and vibration sense, diminished ankle reflexes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism lab profile

A

HTN + mild hypernatremia + metabolic alkalosis + suppressed plasma renin (this is because of feedback inhibition in response to aldosterone secreting tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

management of caustic ingestion with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye)

A

endoscopy to assess severity of damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

arsenic sources

A

pressure-treated wood + pesticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

arsenic poisoning presentation

A

painful sensorimotor polyneuropathy + hypo and hyper pigmented skin lesions + pancytopenia + mild transaminase elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

patient populations with atypical ACS symptoms

A

women + elderly + diabetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

common atypical ACS presentations

A

dyspnea + epigastric pain + N/V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

type 1 MEN

A

primary hyperparathyroidism + pituitary tumors + GI/pancreatic endocrine tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

thyroid storm presentation

A

tachycardia + HTN + arrhythmias + high fever +tremor + AMS + lid lag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hypothermia management

A

mild with passive rewarming, severe with active rewarming (heated blankets) + heated peritoneal irrigation (internal warming)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

methanol intoxication

A

vision loss + coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PE in methanol intoxication

A

optic disc hyperemia

22
Q

how to differentiate methanol vs. ethylene glycol poisoning

A

methanol damages the eyes, ethylene glycol damages the kidneys

23
Q

how to differentiate postpartum adrenal insufficiency

A
  • can be due to adrenal or pituitary disease

- hyper pigmentation + signs of mineralocorticoid deficiency suggests primary rather than secondary AI

24
Q

meningococcal vaccination

A
  • all adolescents at age 11-12
  • booster at 16
  • especially important in sub-saharan africa
25
vaccination and TNF-alpha antagonists
can't use live vaccines
26
adult Tdap vaccination
- every 10 years | - if never received or vaccine history unknown, Tdap should be given followed by Td every 10 years
27
vitamin deficiency with carcinoid
Niacin. This is because increased production of serotonin from tryptophan (required for niacin synthesis) results in niacin deficiency
28
features of vertebral osteomyelitis
- most cases chronic and insidious with minimal symptoms - fever not often present - exquisitely tender to gentle percussion - often normal white count - high ESR
29
source of B12
dairy products
30
when to scan pyelo patients
persistent symptoms despite 48-72 hours of therapy OR complicated pyelo
31
aldosterone antagonists
spironolactone, eplerenone
32
thiazide mechanism
block sodium-chloride symporter
33
OI prophylaxis for patients who've had solid organ transplantation
- *bactrim for pneumocystis pneumonia | - Many patients also require CMV prophylaxis with ganciclovir or valganciclovir
34
p jirovecii diagnosis
need bronchoalveolar lavage/respiratory secretions using microscopy with specialized stains (can try induced sputum but may need bronchoalveolar lavage)
35
typical symptoms of hypercalcemia
abdominal pain + constipation + polydipsia
36
bacteria involved in puncture wound through SOLE of a shoe
pseudomonas (likes warm, moist environment)
37
strep throat vs. mono
- mono causes generalized lymphadenopathy unlike sore throat | - mono persists for longer (2 weeks)
38
presentation of hypothyroid myopathy
myalgias + proximal muscle weakness + elevated CK level + additional features of hypothyroidism (fatigue, delayed reflexes)
39
management of post exposure HIV prophylaxis
3-drug antiretroviral therapy for 1 month. start therapy ASAP
40
presentation of disseminated gonococcal infection
mono arthritis and/or tenosynovitis + dermatitis (erythematous papule and pustules) + asymmetric migratory polyarthralgias
41
hep A vaccine recommended for
gay men + chronic liver disease + travelers to countries where hep A is prevalent
42
DKA management
1) NS 2) regular insulin 3) serial BMPs 4) treat underlying factor
43
best antibiotic to cover oral bacteria
amoxicillin-clavulanate
44
esophageal perforation presentation
chest pain + subcutaneous emphysema + left-sided pleural effusion
45
causes of esophageal perforation
endoscopy + severe retching + penetrating trauma
46
esophageal perforation diagnosis
contrast esophagram
47
how does vasodilator stress testing work
adenosine causes an increase in blood flow in normal coronary arteries and a relatively small increase in blood flow in stenotic coronary arteries. Difference in blood flow allows for diagnosis of obstructive CAD due to reduced uptake of isotope in ischemic myocardium
48
effect of CKD on phosphate
hyperphosphatemia
49
common cause of male pattern hair loss in women
PCOS
50
actinic dermatitis
skin damage from sun

Family med (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions