Deck 13

Question 1

Name two types of haemagglutination tests

Answer 1

1. Direct haemagglutination: detect antibodies against red cell determinants
2. Passive haemagglutination: against compounds artificially coupled to red cells

Question 2

The essential differences between agglutination and precipitation are in

Answer 2

• size, solubility and location of the antigen
• in agglutination the antigens are whole cells, like red cells but in precipitation the antigen is a soluble molecule
• RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION (RID) is quantitative method used for quantification
• IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (IEF) precipitation reaction, in which direct current is used to regulate the movement of antigen and antibody molecules in agar or agarosis gel

Question 3

Seperation of proteins in electric field depends on

Answer 3

• Whole electric charge
  
  • Molecular mass
  • Isoelectric point
• Serum Proteins Separate Into Six Major Fractions According To Their Charge At Given Ph
• α1-globulins, α2-globulins, β-globulins, γ-globulins, hydragel protein K20, hydragel
  proteins (E)

Question 4

What does ELISA stand for?

Answer 4

• Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay
  - Result: soluble colour product

Question 5

Application of EIA can be used for?

Answer 5

• Qualitative detection of the presence of Ab or Ag
• Quantitative determination concentration of Ab or Ag

Question 6

Advantage of EIA

Answer 6

• Detection of Ag of pathogens directly
• Detection of Ab against many bacterial, viral or parasitic agents
• Very flexible method

Question 7

Disadvantage of EIA

Answer 7

false positive results

Question 8

ELISA techniques are divided to what two groups?

Answer 8

• For detection of antigens: sandwich ELISA & competitive ELISA
• For detection of antibodies: direct ELISA & blocking ELISA

Question 9

Name two different types of IFA

Answer 9

1. Direct immunofluorescence staining – the primary Ab is labelled with fluorescence dye
2. Indirect immunofluorescence staining – secondary reagent (antiglobulin or protein A/G labelled with fluorophore) is used to recognize a primary Ab

Question 10

Advantages of IFA

Answer 10

• identification of antigenic structures,
• identif. of different antigens in one sample,
• identif. of the live and dead bacteria in one sample, rapid method