Day 9 - Stud medicine issues and pregnancy loss

Question 1

Paraphimosis - Tx

Answer 1

Inability to retract penis

Clean penis, lanolinbased AB cream, cooling and reduce swelling

NSAID, AB (penicillin), Diuretic (furosemide)

Question 2

Balanitis, balanophostitis - Tx

Answer 2

Inflammation of the penis (or penis + prepuce)
EHV

o Sexual rest (at least 4 weeks)
o AB ointment in to lesions (prevention of secondary bacterial infections)

Question 3

Ruptured corpus spongiosum - Tx (3)

Answer 3

o Dexamethasone
o Flunixin
o Hydrotherapy (ice pack or ice water 30 min. freq)

Question 4

Abrasions and lacerations - Tx

Answer 4

o Clean and dry wounds
o Apply lanolin-based AB ointment (tetracycline)
o Small lesions treated with ophthalmic ointment (3x): Neomycin/bacitracin/polymyxin B

Question 5

Testicular trauma - Tx

Answer 5

o Reduce swelling and further trauma (ice, hydrotherapy)
o NSAIDs: flunixin
o AB: penicillin-potassium, procaine penicillin, gentamycin, ceftiofur
o Hemicastration (to save opposite testis)
o Sexual rest: 3-6 weeks

Question 6

Gestation length

Answer 6

320 - 370 days

Question 7

Embryonic loss before day

Answer 7

40

Question 8

Early pregnancy loss at .. and Tx

Answer 8

day 12-14
Tx: PGF2a inj for return to estrus

Question 9

Abortion due to infectious causes

Answer 9

• Equine herpesvirus – 1, -4
• Equine viral arteritis
• Bacterial placentitis
• Atypical/nocardioform placentitis
• MRLS, EAFL

Question 10

Equine herpesvirus infection (1, 4) - Px

Answer 10

Most common in 8-9 m of pregnancy
Prevention:
o Closed herd
o Separating broodmares
o Investigate health and immunization background
o Quarantine 30 days
o Disinfection of transportation vehicle, other supply
o New horses – vaccine during quarantine
o Personnel hygiene
o Visitors
o Avoid stress

Question 11

Equine viral arteritis (EVA) abortion - Dx

Answer 11

Influenza-like.
Dx:
o Sometimes challenging
o Vasculitis in the fetus
o Virus isolation from fetal tissues
o PCR and maternal seroconversion

Question 12

Ascending placentitis - Pathogens and Tx

Answer 12

Nr 1 cause of abortion
o Streptococcus equi ssp zooepidemicus
o E. coli
o Pseudomonas aeruginosa
o Streptococcus epuisimilis, other beta-hemolytic S. spp
o Enterobacter, klebsiella
o Aspergillus
o Mucor

Tx:
- Antimicrobial
- Anti-inflammatory
- Tocolytics
- Progestins
TMS

Question 13

Tocolytics

Answer 13

• Clenbuterol
• Isoxuprine-lactate
• Propantheline bromide

Question 14

Atypical/nocardioform placentitis

Answer 14

Gr+: Crossiella equi, Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis, A. lexingtoniensis, A. pretoriensis

Large gestation, late term foals

Question 15

Fungal placentitis

Answer 15

Aspergillus, Candida, Mucor

Question 16

Mare reproductive loss syndrome and Equine amniotis and fetal loss

Answer 16

Malacosoma Americanum, Ochrogaster lunifer (catepillars)
Streptococcus/staphylococci