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equinee > Day 4 - Airways > Flashcards

Day 4 - Airways Flashcards

1
Q

GP tympany

A

Cause: Plica salphyngiea works as a one way valve. Congenital
Tx:
- Foley catheter for 2-3 wks
In case of arterial occlusion: Balloon catheter and coil embolisation

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2
Q

GP mycosis

A

Aspergillus. quite similar to GP tympany, more bleeding
Tx: Arterial occlusion: → usually int. carotid ways
– coil embolisation
– Balloon catheter occlusion

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3
Q

Pharynx
Developmental abnormalities:

A
  • Palatoschisis
    – Choana atresia
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4
Q

Pharynx
Functional abnormalities (2)

A

DDSP/soft palate instability > pharyngeal collapse. Dynamic

(Dorsal displacement of the soft palate)

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5
Q

DDSP vs iDDPS- Treatment

A

DDPS Conservative: Larynx position: tongue-tie, „Cornell collar“ + NSAIDS

iDDPS: Surgical
– laryngeal tie-forward
– Myectomy (M. sternothyreodieus)
– Staphylectomy ?? → Removes part of soft palate – Scarring of the soft palate with laser

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6
Q

Pharyngeal cysts

A
  • Where?
    – Subepiglottial
    – In pharyngeal wall
    – In soft palate (worst)
  • Removal:
    – Surgical excision
    – Laser
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7
Q

Dynamic disorders larynx (5)

A
  • Recurrent laryngeal Hemiplegia (RLH)
  • Axial deviation of the aryepiglottic fold
  • Proc. Corniculatus apex collapsus
  • Intermittent epiglottis entrapment
  • Epiglottis retroversion
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8
Q

Permanent disorders of the larynx (4)

A
  • Epiglottis Entrapment
  • Arytenoid chondritis
  • Subepiglottial cyst
  • 4BAD
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9
Q

Pathogenesis- Hemiplegia laryngis (RLN)

A

-Idiopatic
* Progressive degeneration of dist. fibers of NLR sin.
- Genetic, large horses

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10
Q

Hemiplegia laryngis (RLN) - Causes, CS

A

Causes
* Stangles
* Guttural pouch mycosis
* Perivascular inj, Periphlebitis
* Operations
* Intoxications, (Led, organophsph.)
* Tumors (neck, thorax)
* CNS

CS: noice at insp.

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11
Q

Hemiplegia laryngis - Diag, Treatment

A

DIag:
* Palpation (CAD-atrophy)
* US of the larynx
* Endoscopy at rest and dynamic (treadmill)
– Abduction
– slap test (contralat. Adductio
– Cervicolaryngeal Reflex)
* Noise (voiceprint, spectrogram)
* Spirometry (Air capacity of lungs)
* Lobelin-stimulation

  • Laryngoplasty (LP) + Ventricul(ocord)ectomy &
  • Arytenoidectomy (if LP unsuccessfull)
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12
Q

Hemiplegia laryngis - complications

A
  • Laryngospasmus
  • Ödem, Serom (7 – 30%)
  • Wound infection (0,5–6%)
  • Cough (43 %, after 6M.: 14%)
  • Repeated LP (10% weak; 7% too tight) * LP not holding (2-20%)
  • Dysphagia (<1%)
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13
Q

Axial deviation of the Aryepiglottic Fold
Occ, Tx, CS

A

Occurrence: dynamic, bilateral (rigth?), Racing

Treatment: Transendoscopic Laser excision

Clinical signs: Poor performance, Worse with time, older horses, often chronic

  • Acute:
    – perichondrial oedema
    – fever, lethargic, leucocytosis
  • Ulceration, Kissing lesion

Treatment
* Acute: AB, NSAIDs, „throat spray”. Tracheotomy – in emergency
* Chronic: Partial arytenoidectomy

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14
Q

Epiglottic entrapment - CS, Tx

A
  • Primary inspiratory noise
  • Poor performance in race horses
  • Can be just an endoscopic finding
  • Coughing after drinking water, Nasal discharge

Diode laser

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15
Q

Soft palate cyst
Occ, CS, Diag, Tx

A

Occurrence, Clinical Signs
* Young race horses
* Foals (congenital form?)
* Noise during inspiration (asphyxia), Cough
* Dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia

Diagnosis: Endoscopy, Lat-lat X-rays, Palpation

Treatment
* oral extraction
* Laryngotomy – submucosal excision (remove w/ little mucosa)
* formalin – Injeciton
* Laser

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16
Q

Stomatitis and glossitis - caused by? (4)

A
  • Foreign bodies
    – Barley or grass awns
    – Metallic electrolyte
  • Phenylbutasone overdosing (ulcer)
  • Vesicular stomatitis
  • Actinobacillosis (A. lignieresii)
17
Q

Congenital oesophagal diseases (4)

A

– Oesophageal duplication cysts
– Persistent right aortic arch
– Idiopathic megaoesophagus
– Congenital stenosis

18
Q

Aquired oesophagal diseases (8)

A

– Obstruction (most common), Foreign body
– Compression, stricture
– Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
– Diverticula (congenital and acquired)
– Trauma, perforation
– Megaoesophagus
– Granulation tissue
– Neoplasia

19
Q

Oesophageal obstruction
Types and places

A

Intraluminal, intramural, extramural
– Cervical part
– Thoracic inlet
– Base of heart
– Gastric cardia

20
Q

Oesophagitis

A
  • Often ulcerative
  • Reflux oesophagitis

Tx: Control gastric acidity, delayed gastric outflow, diet
AB, sucralfat and NSAIDS

21
Q

Progressive Ethmoidal Haematoma (PEH)

A

Submucosa-Bleeding: Ethmoid turbinate Region
Dx: Endoscopy (!), CT/MRI
Tx: Transendoscopic laser, Sinusotomy

22
Q

Sinusitis - general

A

Primary (rare) - secondary (teeth probl.)
CS: Smelly discharge, swellings, decr airflow
Dx: Endoscopy, Xray

23
Q

Primary sinusitis - Tx

A

Treatment of the causes swab
* Strept. equi equi (Stangles) ?!
* Trimethoprim-Sulfonamide or Similar AB for 7–14d
* Feed from the Ground
* Dust „Free” Surroundings
* Trepanation and lavage

24
Q

Secondary sinusitis - Tx

A

Treat Primary Cause First…
* Remove Tooth
* Sinusotomy („Sinus Flap“)
Sequester / Tumor Removal Pyogen Membran Curette,…
Lavage

25
Q

Sinusitis
Frontal, caud and rostral maxillary sinuses

A

Frontal - not a tooth problem
Caudal and rostral maxillary - tooth problem

26
Q

Teeth: Infundibulums, maxillary or mandibular?

A

Maxillary teeth

27
Q

Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis

A

Presents with range from apparently normal trough to fractured, mobile or severely
diseased teeth.

Extraction

28
Q

Canine teeth problems (6)

A
  • Displaced
  • Incompletly erupted („blind”)
  • Long
  • Calculus („Tartar”)
  • Infection
  • Trauma
29
Q

Cheek teeth abnormalities (8)

A
  • Overgrowth
  • Supernumerary teeth
  • Diastema (angle of root changes, grass get stuck)
  • Fracture
  • Infundibular caries
  • Pulpitis (due to bact., endotoxin or extraction)
  • Periapical infection
  • Displaced
30
Q

Common Features of the Pathogenesis of Colic Diseases

A
31
Q

Normal PCV and TP
lactate

A

PCV = 0,31-0,43 l/l
TP = 53-76 g/l
Lactate (obs in colic) Normal <1,8 mmol/l

equinee (24 decks)

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