Day 8 - haematopoetic diseases

Question 1

Evaluation of erythron

Answer 1

Peripheral blood sample
o RBC count
o Haemoglobin
o PCV/Haematocrit
o RBC indices: MCV, MCH, MCHC
o Iron status (concentration, binding capacity)
o Bone marrow sample

Question 2

PCV - values
RBC count and resting value

Answer 2

• Red blood cell count: 6-12 million cells/μl is normal
• Normal resting value: 0.32-0.45 l/l

Question 3

Erythromycin indices

Answer 3

MCV, MCH, MCHC, reticulocyte count

Decr MCV, MCH, MCHC in iron deficiency
MCHC incr in haemolysis

Question 4

Diseases of erythron - relative and absolute

Answer 4

Relative: Haemoconcentration or splenic contraction

Absolute:
- Primary: myeloproliferative disorders of BM
- Secondary: Cardiac failure (VSD), chronic pulm disease, high altitude

Question 5

Anaemia (decrease erythrocyte) – more frequent

Answer 5

Regenerative
Non-regenerative
Anaemia is a clinical sign not a disease

Question 6

Equine piroplasmosis - General and CS

Answer 6

Iatrogenic spread
Blood-borne protozoal infection: Babesia, Theileria

Pyrexia, anaemia, icterus, swollen eyelids, tachycardia.

Question 7

Equine piroplasmosis - Dx and Tx

Answer 7

Dx: Blood smear, serology (ab), PCR

Tx: Imidocarb
Maybe flunixin

Question 8

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Answer 8

• Iron deficiency: Haemorrhage
• Chronic disease: Infections and inflam.
• Bone marrow failure
• Renal/hepatic disease, haem/hemolysis

Question 9

Haematopoietic neoplasia (3)

Answer 9

• Myeloid neoplasia: leukocytes in blood (high)
• Lymphoid neoplasia/lymphosarcoma: intestina, mediastinal, cutaneous
• Plasma cell myeloma: BM, ln, spleen, liver

Question 10

Disorders of the platelets

Answer 10

• Thrombocytopenia
  Decr prod: BM disease
  Incr prod: DIC, haem
• Thrombocytosis
  Splenic contraction
  Inflammatory disorders
  Myeloproliferative disorders

Question 11

Haemostatic disorders - congenital vs acquired

Answer 11

• Congenital
  o Von willebrand disease, haemophilia
• Acquied
  o Vasculitis
  o Immune-mediated:purpura haemorrhagica
  o Infections: equine viral arteritis
  o DIC
  o Miscellaneous: vitamin K deficiency, drugs, hepatic disease

Question 12

Purpura haemorrhagica - Pathogens and aeti

Answer 12

Haemorrhagic/allergic angiopathy: IgA and IgM protein of Str. Equi ssp. Equi

Aeti:
- Long lasting purulent inflammation
- Immune-complex (IgA + antigen) deposition on vessel walls
- Vascular lesions
- Extravasation of blood and plasma into tissues

Question 13

Purpura haemorrhagica - Tx

Answer 13

• Tracheotomy in emergency
• Elimination of the cause: Strangles: antibiotics, abscess lancing (blood) plasma transfusion
• Fluid therapy
• Glucocorticoids: Dexamethasone, prednisolone, Calcium gluconate IV
• Flunixin meglumine

Question 14

Purpura haemorrhagica - CS

Answer 14

• +/- urticarial (wheals), large oedematic swellings
• Mucosal bleedings
• Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
• Hippopotamus head, elephant leg
• Stenotic nasal openings, dyspnoea
• Laryngeal oedema, suffocation
• Gastric/intestinal bleeding, colic
• Weakness, shock, death
• Emaciation, recumbency