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equinee > Day 2 - Wound healing to tetanus > Flashcards

Day 2 - Wound healing to tetanus Flashcards

1
Q

Classifications of wounds (4)

A
  1. Mechanical caused trauma (biggest group)
    o Open injuries, wounds
    o Closed injuries (commotion, rupture, etc.)
    o Bone fracture
  2. Chemicals caused injuries
    o Acids – cause coagulation necrosis
    o bases – cause colliquative necrosis
  3. Thermal origin injuries
  4. Radioactive injuries
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2
Q

Burn – combustion
1 degree

A

C. Erythematosa

Dry fur, swollen skin, edema, warm, loss of epithels

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3
Q

Burn – combustion
2 degree

A

C. Bullosa

Vasodilation, leak of serum, vesicles
The base of this type of burn is the corium
* Origin of the pain

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4
Q

Burn – combustion
3 degree

A

C. Escharctica

Cell injuries, protein aggregation, thrombosis, necrosis

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5
Q

Burn – combustion
4 degree

A

Carbonisation

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6
Q

Frostbite – congelation
1 degree

A

Ischemia, hyperaemic, leak of serum, not sensitive

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7
Q

Frostbite – congelation
2 degree

A

Stasis, thrombus, vesicles, infection

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8
Q

Frostbite – congelation
3 degree

A

Cell degeneration, stop of circulation, necrosis, loss of larger body parts

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9
Q

Classification of wounds

A
  1. Localisation
  2. Shape and size
  3. Types
  4. Origin
  5. Age
  6. Healing stadium
  7. In what way
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10
Q

INCISED WOUNDS (VULNUS SCISSUM ET CAESUM)

A
  • Produced by sharp objects
  • Tissue damage minimal (in most cases)
  • Edges of wound linear and smooth
  • Pain minimal
  • Underlying tissue damaged only in the line of the wounds
  • Prognosis good
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11
Q

LACERATED WOUNDS (VULNUS LACERUM S. RUPTUM)

A
  • Produced by irregular objects
  • Tissue damage extensive
  • Edges of wound smooth
  • Lacerated, loss of material
  • Pain painful
  • Underlying tissue extensive damage
  • Prognosis depends on the injury
  • Secondary healing
  • In summer: be careful with myiasis
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12
Q

CONCENTRATION DEPENDENT

A
  • Aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolines
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13
Q

Time dependent

A

b-lactams and macrolides
have to be above MIC to have an effect

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14
Q

What AB do we normally use?

A

Bacteriostatics
* Penicillin
* Cephalosporin
* Trimethoprim/sulphonamide

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15
Q

What do we use for regional limb perfusion?

A

Amikacin

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16
Q

INTERRUPTED VERTICAL MATTRESS SUTURE

A

Better tension holding than interupted horizontal

Skin, subcutis, fascia

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17
Q

ALLGOWE STITCH (MODIFIED DONATI)

A

Skin, subcutis

18
Q

INTERRUPTED CRUCIATE (CROSS MATTRESS)

A

Stronger than simple inverted

Skin, subcutis

19
Q

CONTINUOUS LOCK AND FORD INTERLOCKING

A

More secure when broken

Skin, horse uterus

20
Q

CONTINUOUS INTRADERMAL/INTRACUTAN

A

minimal impact on blood vessels of skin

21
Q

CONTINUOUS LAMBERT S.

A

Penetrates the submucosa, but not the lumen.

Closure of hollow viscera

22
Q

CONTINUOUS CUSHING S (CONNELL SUTURE PATTERN)

A

Cushing: Inverting. Penetrates the submucosa, but not the lumen of bowel.

Connell: Penetrates submucosa into the lumen.

Both: Closure of hollow viscera.

23
Q

Hoof bandage

A
  • Dry or wet
  • Covering the hoof after surgical procedures, softening hoof capsule
  • Extends under fetlock joint
  • Usually applied for 3 days
24
Q

Distal limb bandage

A
  • Covering surgical sites, or covering after intraarticular injections
  • Extends from coronary band to the carpus or tarsus
  • Fixed to the hoof capsule by impermeable tape
25
Q

Robert jones

A
  • Immobilization of the limb and joints
  • Consists of a standard bandage strengthened by additional layers of sheet cotton
  • Has to be 1.5 x the circumference of the limb
  • Splint can be applied over it for strengthening
26
Q

Carpal bandaging

A
  • Extends from coronary or fetlock up above the carpus
  • Pressure releasing pads of the accessory carpal bone
  • Standard bandage or strengthened by additional layers
  • Splint can be applied
27
Q

Tarsal bandaging

A
  • Extends from coronary or fetlock up above the tarsus
  • Pressure releasing pads over the calcaneal tendon
  • Standard bandage or strengthened by additional layers
  • Splint can be applied
  • Dorsal or plantar splint can be applied over it
28
Q

Bacteria causing infection - Aerobe

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Enterobacterium
  • Pseudomonas
29
Q

Bacteria causing infection - Anaerobe

A

Clostridium (Gasphlegmone)
Tetanus

30
Q

Fungi causing infection

A

Phythius spp.

31
Q

Types of infections

A
  • Primary infection
  • Secondary infection
    -Exogen (contact, aerogenic) – most common
  • Endogen (haematogen)
32
Q

Pyogenic infection - causes and signs

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus, Rhodococcus
  • Corynebacterium
  • Pseudomonas
  • E. coli

Signs
-Thrombotisation of vessels
-Necrosis and neutrophils
-Leukocytosis

33
Q

LOCAL SIGNS OF PYOGENIC WOUND INFECTION IN SPECIFIC CLINICAL FORMS

A
  • Sutured wounds
  • Opened fresh wounds
34
Q

SPECIAL CLINICAL FORMS OF PYOGENIC WOUND INFECTION

A

-Erysipelas
-Phlegmone
-Abscess

35
Q

Erysipelas (obs Tx)

A

-Pyogenic germs specially streptococci in the skin
-Fastly progrediated and demarcated
-Pustule, phlegmone and gangrene
-Thr.: AB, sulfonamides (recidivate)

36
Q

Phlegome (3)
(Obs Tx)

A
  • Subcutaneous
  • Subfascial and intermuscular:
    Therapy: AB, rest, hyperaemisa bandage , ointment, NSAIDs
37
Q

Phlegome can become abscess

A
  • Empyema: pus in a natural body cavity
  • Sequester: abscess in the bone
  • Result of haematoma, seroma, phlegmone or foreign body infection
  • Demarcated inflammation and necrotic tissue
38
Q

Definition of pus

A

Serum and necrotic tissue part with dead leucocytes and bacteria

39
Q

Cause of putrid wound infection (pathogens) (3)

A

-Clostridium
-Proteus
-Pseudomonas

40
Q

Results of pyogenic infection (4)

A
  • Toxaemis
  • Septicaemia
  • Pyemia
  • Fistulation (bursitis)
41
Q

GASPHLEGMONE

A

-Clostridium
-Manifestation of signs (1 – 4 hours)
-Emphysematous gas production
-Severe signs
Thr.: surgical approuche

42
Q

Tx: tetanus

A

Thr.:
-Active – vaccination
-Passive – tetanus serum
-AB, diazepam, artificial feeding (infusion), ear plugs, silence and dark

equinee (24 decks)

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